Table 1 Basic data of each surgical guide fabrication method

Sex (male/female; number of subjects)

12/15

31/57

21/45

0.541^*

Age at implant placement surgery (mean ± SD in years)

55.1 ± 13.2

63.6 ± 10.2

63.3 ± 11.5

0.022^†

Number of remaining teeth (mean ± SD)

11.4 ± 1.6

8.0 ± 3.9

7.7 ± 4.3

< 0.001^†

Number of coronal teeth (mean ± SD)

11.6 ± 1.7

8.5 ± 4.0

8.7 ± 4.5

< 0.001^†

Number of teeth with metal restorations (mean ± SD)

2.3 ± 2.2

4.4 ± 3.3

3.9 ± 3.3

0.014^†

Number of placed implants (mean ± SD)

2.0 ± 1.2

3.3 ± 2.1

2.7 ± 1.9

< 0.001^†

Dentition defect type (Kennedy Classification Class I/II/III/IV/complete edentulism; number of subjects)

3/6/16/2/0

14/28/23/12/11

11/20/21/3/11

< 0.001^*

Number of fixation pins (mean ± SD)

2.9 ± 0.9

5.8 ± 2.9

5.3 ± 2.8

< 0.001^†

Factors related to each implant body

SCT method

DCT method

MSCT method

p-value

n = 44

n = 268

n = 168

Shape of implant body (straight/tapered; number of subjects)

0/44

62/206

0/168

< 0.001^*

Implant width (NP/RP/WP; number of subjects)

10/32/2

75/157/36

64/101/3

< 0.001^*

Implant length (mean ± SD)

10.4 ± 1.3

12.4 ± 2.2

10.9 ± 1.9

< 0.001^†

Implant location (anterior/posterior; number of subjects)

10/34

81/187

41/127

0.312^*

Implant location (maxillary/mandibular; number of subjects)

19/25

163/105

79/89

0.006^*

Immediate implant placement (with/without; number of subjects)

0/44

23/245

4/164

0.001^*

Bone augmentation (with/without; number of subjects)

5/39

16/252

14/154

0.382^*

Alveolar bone quality (1/2/3/4; number of subjects)

1/5/34/4

12/76/90/90

2/33/111/22

< 0.001^*

Distance between guide sleeve bottom to bone surface (4.0/5.5/6.0 mm; number of subjects)

18/0/26

0/268/0

87/0/81

< 0.001^*

Bone surface inclination X (0 ≤ X ≤ 90 degree; mean ± SD)

64.0 ± 17.5

70.2 ± 17.1

63.2 ± 17.2

< 0.001^†

Bone surface inclination Y (0 ≤ Y ≤ 90 degree; mean ± SD)

69.4 ± 12.6

75.5 ± 14.4

72.3 ± 14.1

< 0.001^†