Fig. 3

Measurement method of 3D deviation between preoperative simulation and placed implant body position with Nobel Clinician^Ⓡ. a A pseudo-implant body (I-1) was placed based on the actual implant shadow on the CT image after implant placement. b A postoperative pseudo-implant body (I-1) on the cross-sectional slice through the planned implant body (I-2) axis. c Vertices of implant bodies of b were enlarged. 2D deviation of the depth (Z) at the tip between the preoperative and postoperative pseudo-implant body was manually measured using the distance measurement tool. d The axial slice which was contacted to tip of planned implant body (I-2) and rectangular to planned implant (I-2) axis, red line of b. The mesiodistal 2D deviation (X) and buccolingual 2D deviation (Y) at the tip between the preoperative and postoperative pseudo-implant body were manually measured using the distance measurement tool. 3D, three-dimensional; 2D, two-dimensional; CT, computed tomography