Fig. 4
From: Implant primary stability depending on protocol and insertion mode — an ex vivo study
Comparison of manual and machine-driven insertion mode. This figure displays the comparison between manual and machine-driven insertion mode. a Displays the results obtained by the RFA test, indicated as ISQ (0–100). b Displays the measurements obtained by the torque in and c by the torque out test. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. ISQ, implant stability quotient; IT, insertion torque; TO, torque out