Table 2 Descriptive table of the 41 studies included in this review with deviation data including global/horizontal coronal deviation (mm), global/horizontal apical deviation (mm), angular deviation (°) and vertical deviation (mm) in the form of mean ± SD and/or median (min, max)
From: A systematic review of the accuracy of digital surgical guides for dental implantation
Ref. No. | Author (year) | Research type | Clinical research type | Full- or half-guided | No. of patients/models | No. of implants | Implant site | Supported type | Fabrication |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Xiaoqian Liu (2022) [20] | In vitro | / | / | / | 54 | / | / | Milling |
2 | Roberto Pessoa (2022) [21] | In vitro | / | Full | 16 | 48 | 26, 27, 28 | Unilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
In vitro | / | Full | 16 | 48 | 26, 27, 28 | Unilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer | ||
3 | Rani D'haese (2022) [22] | In vitro | / | Full | 15 | 15 | 26 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
4 | Yao Sun (2022) [23] | In vitro | / | / | 10 | 20 | 36, 46 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
In vitro | / | / | 10 | 20 | 36, 46 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer | ||
5 | Jeanette K Li-RodrÃguez (2022) [24] | In vitro | / | Full | 8 | 24 | 15, 36, 46 | Bilateral tooth-supported | Milling |
In vitro | / | Full | 8 | 8 | 21 | Bilateral tooth-supported | Milling | ||
6 | Nicole Báez-Marrero (2022) [25] | In vitro | / | / | 8 | 15 | 2, 7, 8 | Unilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
7 | Kristof Orban (2022) [26] | In vivo | Cohort study | Half | 20 | 20 | 4, 5 or 6, 7 | Unilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
8 | Jordi Gargallo-Albiol (2022) [27] | In vivo | Cohort study | Full | 30 | 60 | 4, 5 or 6, 7 | Unilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
9 | Wanwanat Singthong (2022) [28] | In vivo | Clinical trial | Full | 12 | 12 | 4, 5 or 6, 7 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
In vivo | Clinical trial | Full | 12 | 12 | 4, 5 or 6, 7 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer | ||
10 | Yuzhang Feng (2022) [29] | In vivo | Clinical trial | Full | 20 | 20 | 1, 2 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
11 | Fangzhi Lou (2021) [30] | In vivo | Clinical trial | Half | 20 | 36 | 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
In vivo | Clinical trial | Full | 20 | 33 | 11, 12, 13, 21, 22 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer | ||
12 | David Schneider (2021) [31] | In vitro | / | Half | 24 | 72 | 34, 35, 36 | Bilateral tooth-supported | / |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Full | 24 | 72 | 34, 35, 36 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Half | 24 | 24 | 46 | Bilateral tooth-supported | / |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Full | 24 | 24 | 46 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
13 | Young Woo Song (2021) [32] | In vitro | / | Full | 20 | 20 | 36 | Bilateral tooth-supported | Milling |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Full | 20 | 20 | 36 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
14 | Jaafar Abduo (2021) [33] | In vitro | / | Full | 14 | 14 | 13 | Bilateral tooth-supported | Milling |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Full | 14 | 14 | 16 | Bilateral tooth-supported | Milling |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Pilot | 14 | 14 | 13 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Pilot | 14 | 14 | 16 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
15 | Laura Herschdorfer (2021) [34] | In vitro | / | Full | 10 | 10 | 46 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Full | 10 | 10 | 46 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Full | 10 | 10 | 46 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
16 | Chalermchai Ngamprasertkit (2021) [35] | In vivo | Clinical trial | Half | 15 | 15 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vivo | Clinical trial | Full | 15 | 15 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
17 | Johannes Spille (2021) [36] | In vitro | / | Half | 6 | 48 | 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 | Mucosa-supported | / |
18 | Arndt Guentsch (2021)[37] | In vitro | / | Half (6Â mm-sleeve) | 20 | 20 | 46 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Full (2Â mm-sleeve) | 20 | 20 | 46 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Full (4Â mm-sleeve) | 20 | 20 | 46 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Full (6Â mm-sleeve) | 20 | 20 | 46 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
19 | Yen-Ting Han (2021)[38] | In vivo | Clinical trial | Half | 30 (Total) | 18 | / | / | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vivo | Clinical trial | Full | 30 (Total) | 56 | / | / | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vivo | Clinical trial | Full | 30 (Total) | 23 | / | / | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vivo | Clinical trial | Full | 30 (Total) | 33 | / | / | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vivo | Clinical trial | Full | 30 (Total) | 28 | / | Mucosa-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vivo | Clinical trial | Full | 30 (Total) | 20 | / | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
20 | Paknisa Sittikornpaiboon (2021) [39] | In vitro | / | /(5Â mm-sleeve) | 5 | 10 | 14, 24 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | /(5Â mm-sleeve) | 5 | 10 | 14, 24 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | /(4Â mm-sleeve) | 5 | 10 | 14, 24 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | /(4Â mm-sleeve) | 5 | 10 | 14, 24 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | /(4Â mm-sleeve) | 5 | 10 | 14, 24 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
21 | Lirong Huang (2021)[40] | In vivo | Case–control study | Full | 20 | 21 | 1, 2, 3 | Bilateral tooth-supported | / |
|  |  | In vivo | Case–control study | Full | 20 | 31 | 1, 2, 3 | Bilateral tooth-supported | / |
22 | Rani D’haese (2021)[41] | In vitro | / | Full | 15 | 90 | 46, 44, 42, 32, 34, 36 | Mucosa-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Full | 15 | 90 | 46, 44, 42, 32, 34, 36 | Mucosa-supported | 3D printer |
23 | Chia-Cheng Lin (2020) [42] | In vitro | / | Full | 30 | 30 | 36 | Unilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Full | 30 | 30 | 46 | Unilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Full | 30 | 30 | 47 | Unilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
24 | Yuan Chen (2020) [43] | In vivo | Case–control study | Full | 30 | 37 | 1, 2, 3 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
|  |  | In vivo | Case–control study | Half | 33 | 39 | 1, 2, 3 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
25 | Dong Wu (2020) [44] | In vivo | Case–control study | / | 29 | 57 | 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
26 | Kang-jie Cheng (2020) [45] | In vitro | / | Full | 1 | 5 | 35, 36, 45, 46, 47 | Unilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
27 | Pantip Henprasert (2020) [46] | In vitro | / | Full | 15 | 15 | 46 | Bilateral tooth-supported | milling |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Full | 15 | 15 | 46 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
28 | Kristian Kniha (2020) [47] | In vivo | Clinical trial | Full | 5 | 10 | 1, 2, 3 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vivo | Clinical trial | Full | 5 | 10 | 4, 5, 6, 7 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vivo | Clinical trial | Full | 5 | 10 | 1, 2, 3 | Mucosa-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vivo | Clinical trial | Full | 5 | 10 | 4, 5, 6, 7 | Mucosa-supported | 3D printer |
29 | R. Vinci (2020) [48] | In vivo | Cohort study | Full | 12 | 51 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 | Mucosa-supported | Milling |
| Â | Â | In vivo | Cohort study | Full | 11 | 49 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 | Mucosa-supported | Milling |
| Â | Â | In vivo | Cohort study | Full | 14 | 46 | 1, 2, 3 | Mucosa-supported | Milling |
| Â | Â | In vivo | Cohort study | Full | 14 | 54 | 4, 5, 6, 7 | Mucosa-supported | Milling |
30 | Nopparat Suksod (2020) [49] | In vivo | Clinical trial | Half | 20 | 20 | 1, 2 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
31 | Márton Kivovics (2020) [50] | In vivo | Clinical trial | Half | 6 | 18 | / | Mucosa-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vivo | Clinical trial | Half | 7 | 22 | / | Mucosa-supported | 3D printer |
32 | Palita Smitkarn (2019) [51] | In vivo | Clinical trial | Full | 52 | 60 | 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 | Unilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
33 | Karim El Kholy (2019) [52] | In vitro | / | Full | 40 | 240 | 15, 12, 21, 23, 25, 26 | Unilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Full | 15 | 45 | 15, 12, 23 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Full | 15 | 45 | 15, 12, 23 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Full | 15 | 45 | 15, 12, 23 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
34 | Henrik Skjerven (2019) [53] | In vivo | Clinical trial | Full | 20 | 27 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
35 | Rai-Jei Chang (2018) [54] | In vitro | / | Half | 17 | 20 | 36, 37 | Unilateral tooth-supported | / |
|  |  | In vivo | Case–control study | Half | 17 | 20 | 36, 37 | Unilateral tooth-supported | / |
36 | Zhaozhao Chen (2018) [55] | In vivo | Clinical trial | / | 4 | 12 | 11, 12, 21, 22 | Bilateral tooth-supported | / |
37 | Jan Brandt (2018) [56] | In vitro | / | Full | / | 30 | 46 | Bilateral tooth-supported | / |
38 | Philipp Kauffmann (2018) [57] | In vitro | / | / | / | 20 | 44, 45, 46, 47 | Mucosa-supported | / |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | / | / | 20 | 44, 45, 46, 47 | Mucosa-supported | / |
39 | Yiqin Fang (2018) [58] | In vivo | Clinical trial | / | 32 | 40 | 11, 22 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
40 | Boyoung Ma (2018) [59] | In vivo | Clinical trial | / | 17 | 28 | 36, 15 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vivo | Clinical trial | / | 17 | 28 | 36, 15 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
41 | Björn Gjelvold (2018) [60] | In vitro | / | Full | 10 | 10 | 44 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
| Â | Â | In vitro | / | Full | 10 | 10 | 44 | Bilateral tooth-supported | 3D printer |
Ref. No. | Author (year) | Data extraction (mean ± SD, median, (min, max)) | No. of fixation screws | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Global coronal deviation (mm) | Horizontal coronal deviation (mm) | Global apical deviation (mm) | Horizontal apical deviation (mm) | Angular deviation (°) | Vertical deviation (mm) | |||
1 | Xiaoqian Liu (2022) [20] | 0.16 ± 0.06, /, (0.03, 0.29) | / | / | / | 0.61 ± 0.40, /, (0.01, 1.86) | 0.11 ± 0.07, /, (0.00, 0.25) | / |
2 | Roberto Pessoa (2022) [21] | 0.88 ± 0.36, /, / | 0.67 ± 0.22, /, / | 1.60 ± 0.69, /, / | 1.72 ± 0.70, /, / | 4.53 ± 2.04, /, / | –0.16 ± 0.62, /, / | 4 |
0.88 ± 0.36, /, / | 0.55 ± 0.32, /, / | 1.44 ± 0.75, /, / | 1.63 ± 0.69, /, / | 4.28 ± 2.01, /, / | –0.5 ± 0.5, /, / | 0 | ||
3 | Rani D'haese (2022) [22] | 0.52 ± 0.25, /, (0.09, 1.07) | / | 0.90 ± 0.47, /, (0.14, 1.74) | / | 2.63 ± 1.69, /, (0.38, 5.99) | 0.32 ± 0.27, /, (0.02, 1.00) | / |
4 | Yao Sun (2022) [23] | 0.35 ± 0.11, /, (0.20, 0.64) | 0.21 ± 0.13, /, (0.03, 0.44) | 0.75 ± 0.28, /, (0.21, 1.17) | 0.48 ± 0.30, /, (0.01, 0.91) | 2.74 ± 1.24, /, (0.50, 4.80) | 0.11 ± 0.09, /, (0.00, 0.36) | / |
0.41 ± 0.13, /, (0.16, 0.66) | 0.28 ± 0.14, /, (0.04, 0.52) | 0.91 ± 0.34, /, (0.34, 1.38) | 0.60 ± 0.33, /, (0.10, 1.13) | 3.22 ± 1.55, /, (1.00, 6.90) | 0.11 ± 0.08, /, (0.00. 0.29) | / | ||
5 | Jeanette K Li-RodrÃguez (2022) [24] | / | 0.2 ± 0.126, /, / | / | / | 1.1 ± 0.834, /, / | / | / |
/ | 0.2 ± 0.126, /, / | / | / | 1.1 ± 0.834, /, / | / | / | ||
6 | Nicole Báez-Marrero (2022) [25] | 1.43 ± 0.60, /, / | / | 2.19 ± 0.63, /, / | / | 6.81 ± 3.10, /, / | / | 2 |
7 | Kristof Orban (2022) [26] | 1.20 ± 0.46, /, / | 1.06 ± 0.52, /, / | 1.45 ± 0.79, /, / | 1.28 ± 0.83, /, / | 4.82 ± 2.07, /, / | 0.55 ± 0.28, /, / | / |
8 | Jordi Gargallo-Albiol (2022) [27] | 0.21 ± 0.69, /, / | / | 0.67 ± 1.06, /, / | / | 5.62 ± 4.09, /, / | / | / |
9 | Wanwanat Singthong (2022) [28] | / | 1.07 ± 0.36, /, (0.47, 1.60) | / | / | 3.52 ± 1.64, /, (0.60, 6.10) | − 0.71 ± 0.29, /, (− 0.04, − 1.15) | / |
/ | 0.97 ± 0.33, /, (0.33. 1.38) | / | / | 3.77 ± 2.16, /, (1.05, 7.20) | − 0.84 ± 0.30, /, (− 0.26, − 1.28) | / | ||
10 | Yuzhang Feng (2022) [29] | 0.99 ± 0.63, /, / | / | 1.50 ± 0.75, /, / | / | 3.07 ± 2.18, /, / | / | 1 |
11 | Fangzhi Lou (2021) [30] | 0.69 ± 0.10, 0.675, (0.51, 0.87) | / | 0.80 ± 0.08, 0.80, (0.68, 0.95) | / | 3.16 ± 0.70, 3.15, (1.43, 4.73) | 0.52 ± 0.11, 0.505, (0.33, 0.73) | / |
0.39 ± 0.12, 0.39, (0.15, 0.61) | / | 0.28 ± 0.09, 0.29, (0.11, 0.44) | / | 2.05 ± 0.45, 2.09, (0.89, 3.00) | 0.24 ± 0.06, 0.25, (0.12, 0.34) | / | ||
12 | David Schneider (2021) [31] | / | 0.70 ± 0.48, 0.56, (0.14, 1.80) | / | 0.77 ± 0.53, 0.64, (0.16, 2.04) | 1.70 ± 0.67, 1.65, (0.80, 3.20) | 0.46 ± 0.33, 0.36, (0.00, 1.26) |  |
|  |  | / | 0.18 ± 0.11, 0.15, (0.02, 0.49) | / | 0.31 ± 0.17, 0.27, (0.09, 0.83) | 1.57 ± 0.84, 1.40, (0.20, 3.30) | 0.19 ± 0.13, 0.17, (0.01, 0.44) |  |
|  |  | / | 0.49 ± 0.33, 0.43, (0.06, 1.22) | / | 0.51 ± 0.33, 0.53, (0.06, 1.24) | 1.36 ± 0.78, 1.20, (0.00, 2.80) | 0.45 ± 0.46, 0.24, (0.04, 1.70) |  |
|  |  | / | 0.24 ± 0.13, 0.21, (0.03, 0.52) | / | 0.34 ± 0.20, 0.30, (0.07, 0.93) | 1.32 ± 0.88, 1.05, (0.30, 3.40) | 0.28 ± 0.19, 0.29, (0.02, 0.78) |  |
13 | Young Woo Song (2021) [32] | / | 1.37, 1.01, /, / | / | 1.68, 1.41, /, / | 3.49, 3.62, /, / | 0.95, 0.71, /, / | Â |
| Â | Â | / | 0.95, 0.78, /, / | / | 1.34, 1.25, /, / | 3.04, 2.69, /, / | 0.64, 0.44, /, / | Â |
14 | Jaafar Abduo (2021) [33] | / | 0.46 ± 0.23, /, (0.11, 0.89) | / | 0.62 ± 0.42, /, (0.12, 1.46) | 1.25 ± 0.84, /, (0.30, 2.66) | 0.31 ± 0.26, /, (0.03, 0.84) |  |
|  |  | / | 0.39 ± 0.24, /, (0.01, 0.75) | / | 0.71 ± 0.41, /, (0.21, 1.53) | 1.59 ± 1.13, /, (0.17, 4.20) | 0.37 ± 0.30, /, (0.03, 1.08) |  |
|  |  | / | 0.53 ± 0.26, /, (0.21, 0.98) | / | 1.49 ± 0.54, /, (0.16, 2.27) | 6.76 ± 2.49, /, (1.60, 9.65) | 0.61 ± 0.35, /, (0.11, 1.18) |  |
|  |  | / | 0.34 ± 0.24, /, (0.02, 0.83) | / | 0.76 ± 0.52, /, (0.22, 2.16) | 4.00 ± 2.62, /, (0.76, 9.07) | 0.51 ± 0.47, /, (0.05, 1.77) |  |
15 | Laura Herschdorfer (2021) [34] | 0.24 ± 0.19, 0.19, (0.07, 0.71) | / | 0.40 ± 0.23, 0.36, (0.08, 0.92) | / | 1.44 ± 0.61, 1.30, (0.70, 2.60) | / |  |
|  |  | 0.23 ± 0.13, 0.20, (0.08, 0.50) | / | 0.37 ± 0.22, 0.34, (0.37, 0.80) | / | 1.37 ± 0.71, 1.15, (0.60, 2.40) | / |  |
|  |  | 0.22 ± 0.06, 0.23, (0.13, 0.31) | / | 0.30 ± 0.08, 0.32, (0.16, 0.39) | / | 0.94 ± 0.48, 0.56, (0.00, 1.50) | / |  |
16 | Chalermchai Ngamprasertkit (2021) [35] | 0.74 ± 0.36, /, (0.09, 1.38) | 0.57 ± 0.39, /, (0.08, 1.38) | 1.29 ± 0.61, /, (0.36, 2.32) | 1.17 ± 0.68, /, (0.04, 2.31) | 3.44 ± 1.61, /, (0.95, 6.68) | (coronal)0.36 ± 0.27, /, (0.01, 0.95) (apical)0.37 ± 0.27, /, (0.03, 1.01) |  |
|  |  | 0.48 ± 0.22, /, (0.20, 0.87) | 0.39 ± 0.26, /, (0.08, 0.87) | 0.71 ± 0.31, /, (0.18, 1.34) | 0.64 ± 0.37, /, (0.03, 1.33) | 2.03 ± 1.00, /, (0.88, 4.03) | (coronal)0.19 ± 0.14, /, (0.01, 0.51) (apical)0.20 ± 0.13, /, (0.03, 0.51) |  |
17 | Johannes Spille (2021) [36] | / | 1.009 ± 0.415, /, / | / | 1.068 ± 0.384, /, / | 2.67 ± 1.58, /, / | / |  |
18 | Arndt Guentsch (2021)[37] | 0.20 ± 0.14, /, / | / | 0.19 ± 0.13, /, / | / | 2.85 ± 1.47, /, / | / | / |
|  |  | 0.10 ± 0.13, /, / | / | 0.12 ± 0.11, /, / | / | 1.35 ± 0.52, /, / | / | / |
|  |  | 0.37 ± 0.17, /, / | / | 0.37 ± 0.17, /, / | / | 1.47 ± 0.62, /, / | / | / |
|  |  | 0.23 ± 0.17, /, / | / | 0.23 ± 0.17, /, / | / | 1.79 ± 0.57, /, / | / | / |
19 | Yen-Ting Han (2021)[38] | 1.84 ± 0.64, /, (0.92, 3.13) | 1.12 ± 0.40, /, (0.41, 1.68) | 2.24 ± 0.97, /, (0.65, 3.54) | 1.57 ± 0.96, /, (0.34, 3.32) | 6.44 ± 3.02, /, (2.09, 14.00) | 1.26 ± 0.90, /, (0.03, 2.90) | / |
|  |  | 0.97 ± 0.45, /, (0.00, 2.19) | 0.69 ± 0.41, /, (0.00, 1.82) | 1.27 ± 0.58, /, (0.00, 3.18) | 1.04 ± 0.58, /, (0.00, 2.90) | 3.21 ± 1.72, /, (0.01, 7.25) | 0.57 ± 0.43, /, (0.00, 1.77) | / |
|  |  | 1.07 ± 0.54, /, / | 0.90 ± 0.47, /, / | 1.34 ± 0.77, /, / | 1.18 ± 0.75, /, / | 3.67 ± 2.14, /, / | 0.49 ± 0.41, /, / | / |
|  |  | 0.90 ± 0.37, /, / | 0.54 ± 0.29, /, / | 1.22 ± 0.40, /, / | 0.95 ± 0.41, /, / | 2.89 ± 1.30, /, / | 0.62 ± 0.44, /, / | / |
|  |  | 0.98 ± 0.37, /, / | 0.62 ± 0.33, /, / | 1.18 ± 0.47, /, / | 0.88 ± 0.49, /, / | 3.12 ± 1.53, /, / | 0.64 ± 0.44, /, / | / |
|  |  | 0.89 ± 0.45, /, / | 0.65 ± 0.36, /, / | 1.25 ± 0.62, /, / | 1.08 ± 0.57, /, / | 3.04 ± 1.89, /, / | 0.53 ± 0.40, /, / | / |
20 | Paknisa Sittikornpaiboon (2021) [39] | 0.56 ± 0.19, 0.51, (0.32, 0.96) | / | 0.83 ± 0.32, 0.75, (0.49, 1.49) | / | 2.70 ± 1.37, 2.95, (0.90, 5.10) | / | / |
|  |  | 0.42 ± 0.12, 0.41, (0.25, 0.63) | / | 0.76 ± 0.22, 0.73, (0.45, 1.14) | / | 2.50 ± 0.89, 2.70, (0.70, 3.60) | / | / |
|  |  | 1.18 ± 0.19, 1.13, (0.86, 1.48) | / | 1.70 ± 0.41, 1.63, (1.08, 2.38) | / | 4.37 ± 1.34, 4.00, (2.70, 6.50) | / | / |
|  |  | 1.09 ± 0.12, 1.09, (0.90, 1.25) | / | 1.95 ± 0.48, 1.98, (0.94, 2.53) | / | 5.13 ± 1.86, 5.45, (0.70, 6.90) | / | / |
|  |  | 0.81 ± 0.15, 0.83, (0.47, 1.01) | / | 1.73 ± 0.23, 1.72, (1.41, 2.07) | / | 5.30 ± 1.04, 5.45, (3.60, 6.50) | / | / |
21 | Lirong Huang (2021)[40] | 0.82 ± 0.32, /, / | / | 1.18 ± 0.41, /, / | / | 3.24 ± 1.33, /, / | 0.64 ± 0.36, /, / | 1 |
|  |  | 0.89 ± 0.34, /, / | / | 1.10 ± 0.38, /, / | / | 3.38 ± 1.86, /, / | 0.25 ± 0.77, /, / | 1 |
22 | Rani D’haese (2021)[41] | 0.82 ± 0.43, /, (0.17, 2.08) | / | 0.99 ± 0.45, /, (0.12, 2.06) | / | 3.25 ± 1.69, /, (0.16, 8.70) | / | 4 |
|  |  | 0.45 ± 0.31, /, (0.05, 1.62) | / | 0.71 ± 0.43, /, (0.15, 2.14) | / | 2.39 ± 1.42, /, (0.37, 8.16) | / | 4 |
23 | Chia-Cheng Lin (2020) [42] | 0.78 ± 0.57, /, (0.06, 2.97) | 0.47 ± 0.33, /, (0.04, 1.39) | 1.29 ± 0.88, /, (0.07, 3.53) | 1.10 ± 0.80, /, (0.05, 3.35) | 3.67 ± 2.73, /, (0.16, 11.32) | 0.57 ± 0.53, /, (0.05, 2.76) | / |
|  |  | 0.75 ± 0.47, /, (0.22, 2.37) | 0.49 ± 0.39, /, (0.02, 1.92) | 1.30 ± 1.00, /, (0.42, 4.38) | 1.12 ± 1.01, /, (0.17, 4.19) | 3.68 ± 3.66, /, (0.23, 16.21) | 0.49 ± 0.39, /, (0.03, 1.39) | / |
|  |  | 0.75 ± 0.33, /, (0.23, 1.67) | 0.63 ± 0.35, /, (0.21, 1.66) | 1.24 ± 0.85, /, (0.21, 3.83) | 1.15 ± 0.88, /, (0.20, 3.81) | 3.55 ± 2.97, /, (0.12, 12.65) | 0.31 ± 0.24, /, (0.01, 0.94) | / |
24 | Yuan Chen (2020) [43] | 0.59 ± 0.28, /, (0.10, 1.30) | / | 0.99 ± 0.41, /, (0.20, 1.80) | / | 1.91 ± 1.02, /, (0.20, 4.20) | 0.38 ± 0.26, /, (0.00, 1.10) | 1 |
|  |  | 1.04 ± 0.64, /, (0.10, 3.10) | / | 1.46 ± 0.64, /, (0.50, 3.30) | / | 2.77 ± 1.72, /, (0.40, 6.30) | 0.84 ± 0.68, /, (0.10, 3.10) | 0 |
25 | Dong Wu (2020) [44] | 1.22 ± 0.70, /, / | / | 1.33 ± 0.73, /, / | / | 4.34 ± 2.22, /, / | / | / |
26 | Kang-jie Cheng (2020) [45] | 0.79 ± 0.17, /, / | 0.61 ± 0.19, /, / | 1.26 ± 0.27, /, / | 0.91 ± 0.55, /, / | 3.77 ± 1.57, /, / | (coronal)0.38 ± 0.17, /, / (apical)0.37 ± 0.20, /, / | / |
27 | Pantip Henprasert (2020) [46] | 0.27 ± 0.12, /, / | / | 0.81 ± 0.28, /, / | / | (mesio-distal) 0.77 ± 0.72, /, / (bucco-lingual) 1.77 ± 0.76, /, / | (buccal)0.21 ± 0.24, /, / (lingual)0.23 ± 0.12, /, / (distal)0.40 ± 0.32, /, / (mesial)0.33 ± 0.37, /, / | / |
|  |  | 0.32 ± 0.15, /, / | / | 0.84 ± 0.47, /, / | / | (mesio-distal) 0.78 ± 0.80, /, / (bucco-lingual) 1.60 ± 1.22, /, / | (buccal)0.24 ± 0.23, /, / (lingual)0.25 ± 0.17, /, / (distal)0.33 ± 0.23, /, / (mesial)0.37 ± 0.28, /, / | / |
28 | Kristian Kniha (2020) [47] | 1.47 ± 0.86, /, (0.0, 3.40) | / | 1.77 ± 0.85, /, (0.50, 3.20) | / | 2.81 ± 2.69, /, (0.00, 8.40) | 0.10 ± 0.46, /, (− 0.70, 0.90) | / |
|  |  | 1.47 ± 0.86, /, (0.0, 3.40) | / | 1.77 ± 0.85, /, (0.50, 3.20) | / | 2.81 ± 2.69, /, (0.00, 8.40) | − 0.07 ± 0.54, /, (− 0.90, 1.00) | / |
|  |  | 1.31 ± 0.61, /, (0.10, 2.60) | / | 1.91 ± 0.79, /, (0.50, 3.10) | / | 6.22 ± 4.26, /, (0.00, 15.30) | 0.22 ± 0.58, /, (− 1.00, 1.10) | / |
|  |  | 1.31 ± 0.61, /, (0.10, 2.60) | / | 1.91 ± 0.79, /, (0.50, 3.10) | / | 6.22 ± 4.26, /, (0.00, 15.30) | − 0.31 ± 0.66, /, (− 1.40, 0.90) | / |
29 | R. Vinci (2020) [48] | / | 0.67 ± 0.37, /, (0.30, 1.77) | / | 0.89 ± 0.30, /, (0.10, 1.57) | / | / | 3 |
|  |  | / | 0.12 ± 0.28, /, (0.08, 1.18) | / | 0.31 ± 0.43, /, (0.30, 1.77) | / | / | 3 |
|  |  | / | 0.41 ± 0.31, /, (0.08, 1.30) | / | 0.88 ± 0.44, /, (0.17, 2.66) | / | / | 3 |
|  |  | / | 0.31 ± 0.38, /, (0.27, 1.77) | / | 0.79 ± 0.40, /, (0.10, 3.54) | / | / | 3 |
30 | Nopparat Suksod (2020) [49] | 0.98 ± 0.48, /, / | / | 1.57 ± 0.46, /, / | / | 4.23 ± 1.84, /, / | / | / |
31 | Márton Kivovics (2020) [50] | 1.987 ± 0.7049, /, / | / | 1.954 ± 0.6853, /, / | / | 6.544 ± 5.393, /, / | / | 3 |
|  |  | 1.879 ± 0.7893, /, / | / | 2.124 ± 0.8373, /, / | / | 7.177 ± 4.214, /, / | / | 3 |
32 | Palita Smitkarn (2019) [51] | 1.0 ± 0.6, 0.9, (0.20, 2.67) | / | 1.3 ± 0.6, 1.2, (0.24, 2.57) | / | 3.1 ± 2.3, 2.8, (0.00, 8.60) | / | / |
33 | Karim El Kholy (2019) [52] | 0.284 ± 0.133, /, (0.051, 0.583) | / | 0.675 ± 0.429, /, (0.140, 1.980) | / | 4.363 ± 1.682, /, (1.180, 8.800) | / | / |
|  |  | 1.015 ± 0.124, /, (0.840, 1.230) | / | 1.657 ± 0.209, /, (1.310, 1.940) | / | 7.713 ± 1.236, /, (5.500, 10.500) | / | / |
|  |  | 0.562 ± 0.086, /, (0.410, 0.710) | / | 1.195 ± 0.397, /, (0.850, 1.920) | / | 5.688 ± 1.521, /, (3.200, 8.300) | / | / |
|  |  | 0.289 ± 0.159, /, (0.060, 0.591) | / | 0.616 ± 0.255, /, (0.220, 1.000) | / | 4.731 ± 1.601, /, (2.600, 8.500) | / | / |
34 | Henrik Skjerven (2019) [53] | 1.05 ± 0.59, /, (0.36, 2.74) | / | 1.63 ± 1.05, /, (0.56, 5.16) | / | 3.85 ± 1.83, /, (1.25, 8.60) | 0.48 ± 0.5, /, (0.52, 1.34) | / |
35 | Rai-Jei Chang (2018) [54] | /, 0.40, (0.00, 1.00) | / | /, 0.65, (0.10, 1.90) | / | /, 2.16, (0.17, 6.91) | / | 1 |
| Â | Â | /, 0.95, (0.30, 1.30) | / | /, 1.35, (0.10, 3.60) | / | /, 3.92, (0.44, 11.66) | / | 1 |
36 | Zhaozhao Chen (2018) [55] | 0.85 ± 0.38, /, (0.42, 1.51) | / | 0.93 ± 0.34, /, (0.64, 1.72) | / | 3.11 ± 1.55, /, (0.66, 4.95) | (Considering direction) -0.32 ± 0.48, /, (− 1.00, 0.64) (Absolute value) 0.50 ± 0.26, /, (0.18, 1.00) | / |
37 | Jan Brandt (2018) [56] | / | 0.725 ± 0.142, /, (0.518, 1.112) | / | 0.990 ± 0.244, /, (0.633, 1.526) | 2.011 ± 0.855, /, (0.366, 4.036) | 0.541 ± 0.129, /, (0.242, 0.848) | / |
38 | Philipp Kauffmann (2018) [57] | /, 0.47, (0.05, 1.31) | / | /, 0.86, (0.21, 1.68) | / | /, 3.41, (0.48, 5.79) | /, 0.44, (0.03, 1.54) | 3 |
| Â | Â | /, 0.49, (0.10, 1.11) | / | /, 0.77, (0.16, 1.86) | / | /, 2.76, (0.32, 7.54) | /, 0.52, (0.06, 1.69) | 0 |
39 | Yiqin Fang (2018) [58] | 0.46, /, (0.00, 1.15) | / | 0.67, /, (0.14, 1.19) | / | 1.40, /, (0.30, 2.57) | 0.15, /, (0.10, 0.82) | / |
40 | Boyoung Ma (2018) [59] | 0.82 ± 0.44, /, (0.13, 1.85) | / | 1.19 ± 0.46, /, (0.37, 2.51) | / | 2.43 ± 1.13, /, (1.15, 5.70) | -0.03 ± 0.65, /, (-2.12, 1.58) | / |
|  |  | 1.37 ± 0.80, /, (0.18, 3.76) | / | 1.77 ± 0.86, /, (0.45, 3.76) | / | 4.74 ± 2.06, /, (0.00, 8.86) | / | / |
41 | Björn Gjelvold (2018) [60] | 0.27 ± 0.08, /, / | / | 0.34 ± 0.14, /, / | / | 0.99 ± 0.57, /, / | 0.16 ± 0.11, /, / | / |
|  |  | 0.39 ± 0.01, /, / | / | 0.49 ± 0.17, /, / | / | 1.25 ± 0.49, /, / | 0.34 ± 0.18, /, / | / |