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Table 3 The width of KT measured over a 6-month follow-up period

From: Three-dimensional changes of a porcine collagen matrix and free gingival grafts for soft tissue augmentation to increase the width of keratinized tissue around dental implants: a randomized controlled clinical study

Patient-level

Baseline

1 month

3 months

6 months

CM

(15 patients)

(14 patients)

(14 patients)

(15 patients)

 Mean ± SD

0.91 ± 0.76

4.57 ± 1.43**

3.09 ± 1.21***

2.36 ± 1.11***

 95% CI

0.49;1.33

3.75; 5.39

2.39; 3.79

1.74; 2.99

FGG

(17 patients)

(15 patients)

(16 patients)

(17 patients)

 Mean ± SD/median

0.34 ± 0.64*

6.29 ± 1.29**

5.27 ± 1.32***

4.86 ± 1.23***

 95% CI

0.008; 0.67

5.58; 7.00

4.57; 5.98

4.23; 5.50

Implant-level

CM

(23 implants)

(22 implants)

(22 implants)

(23 implants)

 Mean ± SD

0.85 ± 0.79

4.56 ± 1.63§

3.07 ± 1.30§§

2.33 ± 1.12§§§

 95% CI

0.51; 1.19

3.82; 5.27

2.50; 3.64

1.84; 2.81

FGG

(31 implants)

(28 implants)

(29 implants)

(31 implants)

 Mean ± SD

0.29 ± 0.61

6.07 ± 1.41§

5.12 ± 1.30§§

4.71 ± 1.19§§§

 95% CI

0.06; 0.52

5.52; 6.62

4.64; 5.63

4.27; 5.15

  1. Between group comparison patient-level: Mann–Whitney-U test: *p = 0.028; **p = 0.003; ***p < 0.001; implant level: multivariate linear regression with mixed effect models: §p < 0.001; §§p = 0.120; §§§p = 0.009