Table 1 Descriptive analysis of the included articles (type of ZI insertion, authors, date of publication, type of study (P = prospective, R = retrospective RCT = randomized clinical trial), number of patients, age and gender of patients, follow-up period, degree of maxillary atrophy, partially/totally edentulous maxilla, number, length, brand, and survival of ZI, approach and planning software)
Original surgical technique (OST) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Authors | Published | Type of study | Patients [n] | Patients’ average age (range) [years] | Gender | Mean follow-up period (range) [months] | Degree of maxillary atrophy | Partially/totally edentulous maxilla | Zygomatic implant (ZI) | Approach (patient [n]) | Planning software | |||
No. of ZI [n] | ZI average length (range) (mm) | ZI’s brand | ZI’s Survival rate (failed implant) | |||||||||||
Aleksandrowicz [29] | 2019 | R | 22 | 40.40 (36–69) | M11 F11 | NM (50–152) | NM | Partially/totally | 24 | NM (30–45) | Nobel Biocare | 95.8% (1) | 1 ZI (12) 2 ZIs (8) 3 ZIs (1) Quad (1) | NM |
Aparicio [19] | 2014 | P | 22 | 53.81 (NM) | M8 F14 | 135.2 (NM) | Residual bone height and width less than 4 mm | Partially/totally | 41 | NM (30–50) | Nobel Biocare | 95.12% (2) | Unilateral (NM) Classic (NM) | NM |
Becktor [30] | 2005 | R | 16 | 61.1 (29–77) | M6 F10 | 46.4 (9–69) | C&H | Totally | 31 | 42.25 (30–50) | Nobel Biocare | 90.3% (3) | Classic (27) Quad (4) | Nobel Clinician |
Branemark [2] | 2004 | R | 28 | 58.3 (39–79) | M12 F16 | NM (60–120) | L&Z D, E | Partially/totally | 52 | NM | BOC & Exopro | 94% (3) | Unilateral (4) Classic (24) | NM |
Chow [4] | 2006 | P | 5 | 49.8 (43–60) | M4 F1 | 10 (NM) | NM | Totally | 10 | 49.5 (45–52.5) | Nobel Biocare | 100% (0) | Classic (5) | SimPlant |
Davo [7] | 2007 | R | 18 | 58 (44–74) | M6 F12 | 14 (6–29) | NM | Totally | 36 | 46.59 (40–52.5) | Nobel Biocare | 100% (0) | Classic (18) | NM |
Davo [31]a | 2008 | R | 26 | NM | NM | 21.9 (13–42) | L&Z B, C | Partially/totally | 61 | NM | Nobel Biocare | 100% (0) | 1 ZI (4) Classic (30) Quad (2) | NM |
Davo [32] | 2009 | R | 24 | 51.4 (36–72) | M8 F16 | 60 (NM) | NM | Partially/totally | 45 | 45.38 (40–50) | Nobel Biocare | 97.4% (1) | 1 ZI (1) Classic (23) | NM |
Duarte [33] | 2007 | P | 12 | NM | NM | 30 (NM) | Residual bone height and width less than 2 mm | Totally | 48 | NM | Nobel Biocare | 95.8% (2) | Quad (12) | NM |
Fernandez [34] | 2014 | R | 80 | 55.5 (25–75) | M40 F40 | 27 (6–48) | NM | Partially/totally | 244 | NM | NM | 99.6% (1) | Classic (79) Quad (1) | NM |
Kahnberg [28] | 2007 | P | 76 | 58 (35–77) | M19 F57 | 36 (NM) | NM | NM | 145 | NM | NM | 96.3% (5) | Classic (76) | NM |
Malevez [35] | 2004 | R | 55 | M 62 (40–76) F57 (22–79) | M14 F41 | NM (6–48) | Residual bone height less than 5 mm | Totally | 103 | 42.69 (35–50) | Nobel Biocare | 100% (0) | 1 ZI (6) 2 ZIs (49) | NM |
Stiévenart [36] | 2010 | R | 20 | 56 (35–75) | M1 F19 | NM (6–40) | L&Z D, E | Totally | 80 | NM (30–52.5) | Nobel Biocare | 96% (3) | Quad (20) | Procera software |
Anatomy-guided (AGA) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Authors | Published | Type of study | Patients [n] | Patients’ age range (average) (years) | Gender | Follow-up period range (average) (months) | Degree of maxillary atrophy | Partially/totally edentulous maxilla | Zygomatic implant (ZI) | |||||
No. of ZI [n] | ZI average length (range) (mm) | ZI’s brand | ZI’s survival rate (failed implant) | Approach (patient [n]) | Planning software | |||||||||
Aparicio [19] | 2014 | P | 80 | 63.1 (NM) | M25 F55 | 55.4 (NM) | Residual bone height and width less than 4 mm | NM | 156 | NM (30–50) | Nobel Biocare | 96.79% (5) | NM | NM |
Aparicio [37] | 2022 | R | 20 | 59.2 (NM) | M11 F9 | 18.8 (12–28) | Bedrossian classification | NM | 59 | NM | Straumann | Classic (10) 3 ZIs (1) Quad (9) | DTX Studio Implant software | |
Atalay [38]a | 2017 | R | 10 | 55.2 (23–68) | M5 F5 | 28 (6–96) | C&H IV, V, VI | Totally | 21 | NM (30–47.5) | Nobel Biocare | 90.4% (2) | Classic (9) 3 ZIs (1) | NM |
Chana [39] | 2019 | R | 43 | NM (42–88) | M22 F23 | 90 (NM-216) | NM | NM | 80 | NM (20–52.5) | Nobel Biocare | 94.32% (5) | NM | Nobel Clinician |
Davo [25] | 2015 | P | 17 | 57.7 (41–78) | M7 F10 | NM (36–60) | C&H IV, V, VI | Totally | 68 | 45.36 (35–52.5) | Nobel Biocare | 100% (0) | Quad (17) | Procera Software |
Davó [40] | 2020 | R | 82 | 57 (33–78) | M29 F53 | 10.5 (0–29) | L&Z | Partially/totally | 182 | 41.85 (30–52.5) | Nobel Biocare | 100% (0) | 3 ZIs (3) Classic (62) Quad (16) | NM |
Fernández-Ruiz [41] | 2021 | RCT | 40 | 60.18 (NM) | M17 F23 | 19.40 (12.00–22.00) | NM | Totally | 139 | 40.03 (30–60) | Sarria | 100% 0) | Classic (NM) Quad (NM) | NM |
Nave [42] | 2020 | R | 102 | NM | NM | 38 (12–144) | NM | Partially/totally | 206 | NM | Nobel Biocare Neodent Instradent | 97.57% (5) | 1 ZI (27P) 2 ZIs (57P) 3 ZIs (3P) NM (1P) | NM |
Penarrocha-Diago [43] | 2021 | R | 19 | 61.7 (54–73) | M3 F16 | 20.1 (12–41) | C&H V, VI | NM | 31 | NM | Nobel Biocare Sarria | 100% (0) | NM | / |
Wang [14] | 2021 | P | 15 | 47.2 (19–71) | M3 F12 | 17.2 (12–36) | C&H IV | Totally | 60 | 48.68 (35–52.5) | NM | 100% (0) | Quad (15) | Nobel Clinician |
Wu [44]a | 2022 | R | 61 | 46.8 (18–79) | M33 F28 | 24.11 (NM) | Residual bone height less than 3 mm | Totally | 188 | NM | Nobel Biocare | 98.4% (2) | Classic (26) Quad (35) | Nobel Clinician VectorVision2 |
Zhao [45] | 2018 | R | 25 | 47.1 (19–69) | M12 F13 | 23.00 (NM) | Residual bone height less than 3 mm | Totally | 84 | 48.75 (40–52.5) | Nobel Biocare | 98.0% (1) | Classic (NM) Quad (NM) | Nobel Clinician |