Table 1 Descriptive values (Mean ± SD, Range) categorized by surgical approach and experience

1.11 ± 0.58 (0.29–2.34)

1.91 ± 1.06 (0.97–3.93)

0.54 ± 0.38 (0.1–1.2)

9.73 ± 4.29 (4.01–17.65)

3.27 ± 1.43 (2.12–6.67)

1.40 ± 1.01 (0.09–3.15)

2.54 ± 1.58 (0.85–6.33)

0.60 ± 0.33 (0.1–1.09)

8.15 ± 4.73 (3.37–21.28)

7.33 ± 3.40 (3.25–13.17)

0.83 ± 0.65 (0.1–2.24)

1.67 ± 0.94 (0.38–3.64)

0.48 ± 0.34 (0.01–0.97)

7.27 ± 3.82 (1.5–13.89)

3.62 ± 1.78 (1.62–7.65)

0.92 ± 0.38 (0.31–1.58)

1.66 ± 0.64 (0.48–2.75)

0.41 ± 0.27 (0.03–0.89)

7.07 ± 4.38 (1.45–15.36)

7.59 ± 2.17 (4.48–11.28)

1.09 ± 0.41 (0.37–1.67)

1.55 ± 0.56 (0.65–2.77)

0.44 ± 0.55 (0.04–1.96)

3.37 ± 1.56 (1.61–6.68)

11.58 ± 3.51 (6.77–19.03)

1.14 ± 0.46 (0.4–2.02)

1.76 ± 0.71 (0.81–2.75)

0.70 ± 0.58 (0.14–2.2)

3.19 ± 1.89 (1.25–6.54)

13.08 ± 4.62 (5.75–20.33)