Fig. 3From: Diagnostic tests for titanium hypersensitivity in implant dentistry: a systematic review of the literatureImmunological mechanism of contact hypersensitivity (Coombs and Gell Type IV) as detected by LTT or ECT (A). Oxides, such as titanium dioxides, do not react with proteins and, therefore, do not act as haptens. Titan particles stimulate tissue macrophages (B)Back to article page