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Table 3 Methodological characteristics of the selected studies, the regenerative objective (simultaneous or staged), the types of interventions and measured outcomes

From: Horizontal augmentation techniques in the mandible: a systematic review

Author

Year

Study design

Setting

Type of augmentation

Regenerative objective

Interventions

Test/control, n

Preparation

Outcomes measures

Test

Control

Patients

Sites

Amorfini et al. [101]

2014

RCT, parallel, allocation ratio of 1:1, split-mouth model

Private practice

Lateral

Accompanying implant placement

Corticocancellous allograft (iliac crest) + collagen membrane (Biogide®, Geistlich AG) + rhPDGF-BB (GEM 21S®, Osteohealth) or saline solution

Autologous bone chips + bovine bone xenograft (BioOss®, Geistlich) + collagen membrane (Bio-Gide®, Geistlich) + rhPDGF-BB (GEM 21S® Osteohealth) or saline solution

8/8

8/8

Block graft (treatment) and particulate material (control)

BV, RA, BLCT, BOP, PPD, PI, mBL

Barbu et al. [100]

2016

RCT

University clinic

Lateral

Two-staged

Autogenous ramus block (retromolar) + Autogenous particulate bone + PRF membrane (Group 1)

Autogenous ramus block (retromolar) + Autogenous particulate bone chips mixed with xenograft particulate bone + Pericardium membrane (Group 2)

12/12

12/12

Crestal incision, block graft, cortical perforation of recipient bed

RA, IS, BG, EX, PGF, TGF

Beitlitum et al. [117]

2018

Retrospective study

Two periodontal practices, one university dental clinic

Lateral

Two-staged

Particulate mineralized bone allograft (MinerOss, BioHorizons or Maxgraft, Botiss) covered with a cross-linked resorbable collagen barrier membrane

15/–

16/–

Crestal incision, particulate allograft

RA, EX, IS, ME, PGF, TGF

Di Stefano et al. [104]

2009

Case series

Private practice

Lateral

Two-staged

Onlay graft of equine spongy bone layer (Osteoplant Flex, Bioteck, Italy) + titanium-reinforced membrane

5/5

5/5

Onlay xenograft

HA, PGF, TGF, RA

Nissan et al. [103]

2011

RCT

Lateral and vertical

Two-staged

Cancellous allograft + mineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (OraGraft, Lifenet), or bovine bone xenograft (BioOss®, Geistlich) + Membranes: Ossix Plus, OraPharma; Ossix, Biomet; Bio-Gide, Geistlich;

Pre-augmentation measurements of crest width and height

21/–

29/–

Crestal incision, block graft

WG, WR, ME, HR

Schwartz-Arad et al. [99]

2016

Retrospective study

Outpatient surgical center

Lateral and vertical

Two-staged

Autologous intraoral graft + bovine bone xenograft (BioOss®, Geistlich AG) + platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or platelet-poor plasma (PPP)

n/a

115/–

Crestal incision, block graft

RA, EX, EXH, EXW, Inf, IS, ISC, ME, PGF, TGF, SP

Silva et al. [105]

2017

Prospective study

University clinic

Lateral and vertical

Two-staged

Fresh-frozen bone-block allograft (femoral epiphyses) from tissue bank (UNIOSS, Brazil) + BBM granules (BioOss, Geistlich, Switzerland) + resorbable collagen membrane (Bio-Gide, Geistlich, Switzerland)

20/–

50/–

block allograft, particulate material

RA, EX, PGF, TGF, BV, HA, IS, mBL, SP, WG

Urban et al. [102]

2013

Case series

University Clinic

Lateral

Two-staged

xenograft (inorganic bovine bone-derived mineral, Bio-Oss) + autologous bone graft + resorbable collagen membrane

13/–

16/–

particulate material

BV, IS, ISC, PGF, SP, WG, WR

  1. BOP bleeding on probing, BV bone volume changes, CAL peri-implant clinical attachment level, CCT controlled clinical trial, ePTFE expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, EX exposure, EXH exposed site height, EXW exposed site width, HA histological assessment, IS implant survival, mBL mean marginal bone loss, ME membrane exposure, PGF partial graft failure, PI peri-implant plaque index, PPD peri-implant probing depth, PRF platelet-rich fibrin, RA radiographic assessment, POP penetration of the probe, RCT randomized controlled trial, rh-BMP2 recombinant human bone morphogenic protein 2, rhPDGF-BB recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB, SP success rate procedure, TGF total graft failure, WG width gain, WR width reduction