Table 1 Characteristics (authors, study design and subject, geometry and location of implant placement, study groups, follow-up period and outcomes) of studies with animal subjects included in the present systematic review

Kelly et al. [31]

Animal study

14 rats

28 Ti Implants

1 × 2

Femur

Group-1 (n = 7): vitamin d deficient

Group-2 (n = 7): control

2 weeks

Group-1 has significant decreased push in test and BIC compared to control

Vandersteenhoven et al. [32]

Animal study

56 rats

168 Implants

NA

Abdominal region

Group-1 (n = 27): vitamin D₃ supp

Group-2 (n = 24): control

Group-3 (n = 5): VD3 supp

1, 2, 3 and 10 weeks

Group-2 showed less remodeling, NBF and bone resorption than Group-1

Pimentel et al. [33]

Animal study

36 rats

72 Ti implants

2.5 × 4

Tibia

Group-1 (n = 18): control

Group-2 (n = 18): Ca, vit D, Mg and Zn supp

30 days

No significant differences in BIC or NBF between the groups

Wu et al. [22]

Animal study

30 rats

N/A Ti

1 × 10

Femur

Group-1 (n = 6): control; Group-2 (n = 6): diabetic; Group-3 (n = 6): insulin-treated diabetic; Group-4 (n = 6): VD3-treated diabetic; Group-5 (n = 6): VD3 + insulin-treated

12 weeks

Group-5 had significant higher BIC, BV/TV and BA compared to Group-2 and similar to Group-1

Akhavan et al. [30]

Animal study

48 rats

N/A Ti

1.2 × 7

Tibia

Group-1 (n = 17): VD3 supp

Group-2 (n = 10): control

3 and 6 weeks

No significant difference in BIC or NBF between the groups

Liu et al. [24]

Animal study

30 mice

60 Ti implants

1 × 4

Femur

Group-1 (n = 10): control

Group-2 (n = 10): nephrectomy

Group-3 (n = 10): nephrectomy and VD3 supp

2 weeks

Group-3 had significantly higher BIC and BV/TV around implant than Group-1 and -2. Group 3 had significant higher resistance of implants compared to Group-2

Dvorak et al. [23]

Animal study

50 rats

100 Ti Implants

1 × 3

Tibia

Group-1 (n = 16): VD3 depletion

Group-2 (n = 17): VD3 repletion 6

Group-3 (n = 17): controls

4 weeks

Group-1 had significant less cortical BIC compared to Group-3

Group-2 had significant decreased BV/TV compared to Group-1 and -3

Zhou et al. [25]

Animal study

20 rats

40 Ti Implants

1.8 × 3,5

TIbia

Group-1 (n = 10): VD3 supp

Group-2 (n = 10): control

8 weeks

Group-1 had significant increased BV/TV, BIC, BA and implant resistance compared to Group-2

Nakamura et al. [34]

Animal study

64 rats

128 Ti Implants

1.4 × 23

Femur

Group-1 (n = 8): control

Group-2 (n = 8): ovariectomized

Group-3 (n = 16):VD3 supp

Group-4 (n = 16): alendronate

Group-5 (n = 16): alendronate and VD3 supp

4 weeks

Group-5 had significant higher BA in compared to Group-2

Group-5 showed higher resistance compared to control after 12 weeks of supp

Satué et al. [28]

Animal study

6 rabbits

24 Ti implants

6.25 × 2

Tibia

Grooup-1 (n = 8): control

Group-2 (n = 8): low dose 7-DHC and vit. E coated implants

Group-3 (n = 8): high dose 7-DHC and vit.E coated implants

8 weeks

No significant differences in BIC or NBF between the groups

Naito et al. [29]

Animal study

12 rabbits

28 Ti implants

3.75 × 7

Tibia

Group-1 (n = 7): control

Group-2 (n = 7): coated with VD3 c = 10^–8 M (mol/L)

Group-3 (n = 7): c = 10^–7 M (mol/L) Group-4 (n = 7): c = 10^–6 M (mol/L)

6 weeks

No significant differences in BIC or NBF between the groups

Salomó-Coll et al. [26]

Animal study

6 dogs

24 Ti implants

3,75 × 10

Mandibula

Group-1 (n = 12): control

Group-2 (n = 12): VD2 coated implants

12 weeks

Group-2 had significant higher total BIC and NBF in compared to control

Cho et al. [27]

Animal study

12 rabbits

48 Ti implants

3.75 × 7

Tibia

Group-1 (n = 6): coated with PLGA/VD3 solution

Group-2 (n = 6): control

4 and 12 weeks

Group 1 had significant greater BIC compared to Group-2