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Fig. 1 | International Journal of Implant Dentistry

Fig. 1

From: Effect of carbonate apatite as a bone substitute on oral mucosal healing in a rat extraction socket: in vitro and in vivo analyses using carbonate apatite

Fig. 1

In vivo and in vitro experimental design. A The experimental protocol of the in vitro study. The upper stage showed that OECs or FBs were cultured directly on the material (CO3Ap or HAp). In the lower stage, the material was placed in the Transwell and each cell was indirectly cultured. B The experimental protocol for the in vivo study. Bone substitute (CO3Ap or HAp) filling was performed immediately after tooth extraction (M1 and M2) and the healing of soft tissues was observed over time

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