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Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

From: Comparison of general and aesthetic effects between flapless and flap techniques in dental implantation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Studies

Size (implants)

Location

Implantation time

Flapless technique

Implant type

Follow-up time

Outcomes (flapless vs flap)

Loss of follow-up

PPI

CBL (mm)

KW width (mm)

SR (100%)

BOP (100%)

Peri-implant PD

VAS

Wadwa 2015 [25]

32

Mandibular first molar

Delayed

Punch

NR

0,3,9,15 m

NR

0.02 ± 0.01 VS 1.42 ± 0.09

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

0

Bashutski 2013 [26]

24

Maxillary anterior or premolar tooth

Delayed

Punch

Two-piece

0,3,6,9,15 m

2.57 ± 0.46 VS 2.28 ± 0.46

NR

3.33 ± 0 .74 VS 3.97 ± 1.59

NR

NR

NR

NR

0

Kumar 2018 [27]

20

Posterior mandible

Delayed

Punch

NR

0.6.12 m

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

1.40 ± 0.50 VS 2.00 ± 0.70

1.33 ± 0.50 VS 3.11 ± 1.17 (1 day)

0.33 ± 0.50 VS 0.67 ± 0.50 (3 days)

2

Wang 2017[28]

40

Mandibular first molar

Delayed

Drill preparation

One-piece

0,1,3,6,12,24 m

NR

0.70 ± 0.30 VS 0.50 ± 0.40

3.70 ± 1.10 VS 4.00 ± 1.30

100 VS 100

NR

2.20 ± 0.05 VS 2.70 ± 0.02

NR

0

Sunitha 2013 [29]

40

Anterior and premolar region

Delayed

Drill preparation

Two-piece

0,6,12.24 m

2.75 ± 0.05 VS 1.95 ± 0.06

0.03 ± 0.01 VS 0.20 ± 0.06

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

0

Grassi 2019 [30]

30

Maxillary premolar area

Immediate

IIP

Two-piece

0,6 m

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

5.32 ± 1.21 VS 7.51 ± 0.98 (1 day)

1.82 ± 1.13 VS 2.98 ± 1.82 (3 days)

1

Tsoukaki 2013 [31]

30

Full dentition

Delayed

Punch

One-piece

1, 2, 6, and 12 weeks

NR

0 vs 0.29 ± 0.06

NR

NR

NR

1.93 ± 0.06 VS 2.43 ± 0.06

0.68 ± 0.22 VS 2.06 ± 0.22 (1 day)

0

Stoupel 2016 [32]

39

Maxillary anterior region

Immediate

IIP

Two-piece

3,6,12 m

NR

0.89 ± 0.80 VS 0.95 ± 0.92

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

3

Froum 2017 [22]

28

Full dentition

Delayed

Punch

One-piece

8.2y

2.70 ± 0.80 VS 2.67 ± 0.75

0.25 ± 0.25 VS 0.70 ± 0.25

NR

100 VS 100

15.38 VS 21.43

2.10 ± 0.40 VS 2.40 ± 0.30

NR

1

Yang 2017 [33]

160

Maxillary anterior region

Immediate

IIP

NR

12 m

NR

NR

NR

NR

6.25 VS 16.25

1.72 ± 0.30 VS 1.76 ± 0.33

NR

0

Covani 2008 [34]

20

Full dentition

Immediate

IIP

Two-piece

0.6 m

NR

0.80 ± 0.90 VS 0.30 ± 0.40

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

1

Bömicke 2017[35]

38

Posterior mandible

Delayed

Punch

Flapless: one-piece; flap: two-piece

0,12,36 m

NR

0.86 ± 0.63 VS 0,63 ± 0.43

NR

94.74 VS 100

NR

2.90 ± 0.65 VS 3.40 ± 0.70

NR

3

Cannizzaro [36]

143

Any two separate edentulous areas

Delayed and immediate

Drill preparation or IIP

NR

0,12 m

NR

0.24 ± 0.29 VS 0.33 ± 0.50

NR

97.22 VS 97.18

NR

NR

NR

4

Pisoni 2016[37]

76

Premolar and molar sites

Delayed

Punch

NR

0, 2 (lower) or 3 (upper), 36 m

NR

0.20 ± 0.76 VS 0.17 ± 0.94

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

7

  1. NR not reported, IIP immediate implant placement, m months