Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the study population

General characteristics

Age (years)

26.0 (21.7–38.0)

23.0 (18.3–27.7)

0.007

25.0 (19.4–29.6)

0.700

Sex (N, %)

0.047

0.983

 Males

20 (62.5)

9 (36.0)

33 (62.3)

 Females

12 (37.5)

16 (64.0)

20 (37.7)

Ethnicity (N, %)

0.680

0.144

 Caucasians

26 (81.3)

22 (88.0)

48 (90.6)

 Africans

5 (15.6)

2 (8.0)

2 (3.8)

 Asian

1 (3.1)

1 (4.0)

3 (5.7)

Smoking (N, %)

0.056

0.146

 Yes

9 (28.1)

2 (8.0)

8 (15.1)

 No

23 (71.9)

23 (92.0)

45 (84.9)

Missing teeth

3 (1–10)

3 (1–5)

0.855

9 (6–18)

< 0.001

 Maxilla

2 (0–7)

2 (0–5)

0.879

5 (2–8)

< 0.001

 Mandible

1 (0–7)

1 (0–4)

0.879

4 (1–10)

0.002

Missing teeth overall (N, %)

0.517

< 0.001

 Maxilla

66 (55.5)

48 (64.0)

0.909

287 (53.5)

< 0.001

 Mandible

54 (45.0)

27 (36.0)

0.798

249 (46.5)

< 0.001

Placed implants per patient

 Maxilla

2 (1–4)

1 (0–5)

0.855

3 (1–5)

< 0.001

 Mandible

0 (0–4)

1 (0–3)

0.907

3 (0–6)

0.004

Placed implants overall (N, %)

 Maxilla

51 (60.7)

35 (63.6)

0.928

165 (54.5)

0.002

 Mandible

33 (39.3)

20 (36.4)

0.325

138 (45.5)

0.013

Type of bone graft (N, %)

0.234

0.319

 Ascending ramus

18 (36.7)

13 (52.0)

28 (52.8)

 Extra-oral

4 (8.2)

0 (0.0)

8 (15.1)

  Skull

1

-

3

  Iliac crest

3

-

5

 Alloplastic

1 (2.0)

1 (4.0)

0 (0.0)

 No bone augmentation

26 (53.1)

11 (44.0)

17 (32.1)

Additional procedures (N, %)

0.650

0.176

 BSSO

5 (15.6)

2 (8.0)

3 (5.7)

 SARME/Bimax

2 (6.2)

1 (4.0)

13 (24.5)

 Other surgical procedures

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

3 (5.7)

 No surgical procedures

25 (78.1)

22 (88.0)

34 (64.2)

Regular visits at the dentist (N, %)

0.217

0.053

 Yes

24 (75.0)

22 (88.0)

48 (90.6)

 No

8 (25.0)

3 (12.0)

5 (9.4)

Implants outcomes

Follow-up time (years; median)

3.3 (0.6–12.5)

2.7 (0.2–9.0)

0.342

4.2 (0.3–9.9)

0.301

Follow-up time (years; mean)

4.4 (3.1–5.6)

3.1 (2.1–4.1)

0.106

4.3 (3.5–5.1)

0.902

 Maxilla

0 (0.0)

2 (5.7)

0.254

3 (1.8)

0.171

 Mandible

1 (3.0)

0 (0.0)

0.373

3 (2.2)

0.593

Satisfaction (N, %)

0.039

0.044

 Yes

27 (84.4)

25 (100.0)

51 (96.2)

 No

5 (15.6)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.9)

 N/A

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.9)

Complaints (N, %)

0.706

0.408

 Yes

4 (12.5)

4 (16)

3 (5.7)

 No

28 (87.5)

21 (84)

49 (92.5)

 N/A

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.9)

Mobility (N, %)

0.203

0.714

 Yes

2 (6.3)

0 (0.0)

4 (7.5)

 No

30 (93.8)

25 (100)

48 (90.6)

 N/A

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.9)

Bleeding (N, %)

0.452

0.645

 Yes

16 (50.0)

10 (40.0)

29 (54.7)

 No

16 (50.0)

15 (60.0)

23 (43.4)

 N/A

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.9)

Recurrent infections (N, %)

0.479

0.460

 Yes

9 (28.1)

5 (20.0)

20 (37.7)

 No

23 (71.9)

20 (80.0)

32 (60.4)

 N/A

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.9)