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International Journal of Implant Dentistry
Fig. 9 | International Journal of Implant Dentistry

Fig. 9

From: Facile distribution of an alkaline microenvironment improves human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis on a titanium surface through the ITG/FAK/ALP pathway

Fig. 9

Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining images of calcium deposition of BMSCs cultured on SLA surfaces (a) and SLA discs treated with 20 mM (b), 50 mM (c), 100 mM (d), 200 mM (e) sodium bicarbonate after cell osteogenic differentiation for 21 days. Semiquantitative results of ARS staining of BMSCs on different surfaces for 21 days (f). Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001)

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