Table 4 Quality assessment of included studies
Study | Random selection in population | Defined inclusion/exclusion criteria | Reported loss to follow-up | Validated measurements | Statistical analysis | Estimated potential risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adell et al. 1990 [24] | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
Isaksson and Alberius 1992 [23] | No | No | No | No | No | High |
Åstrand et al. 1996 [22] | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | High |
McGrath et al. 1996 [21] | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | High |
Vermeeren et al. 1996 [32] | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | High |
Steenberghe et al. 1997 [31] | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | High |
Verhoeven et al. 1997 [30] | No | No | No | No | No | High |
Lekholm et al. 1999 [29] | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | High |
Nyström 2004 [28] | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | High |
van der Meij et al. 2005 [27] | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
Boronat et al. 2010 [26] | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
Kang et al. 2015 [8] | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
El Zahwy et al. 2019 [25] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Low |
Kablan 2020 [20] | No | No | No | No | No | High |
Misch and Dietsh 1994 [16] | No | No | No | No | No | High |
Triplett and Schow 1996 [17] | No | No | No | No | No | High |
Widmark et al. 2001 [18] | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
Peñarrocha-Diago et al. 2013 [9] | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
Tosun et al. 2017 [19] | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Moderate |