Table 3 Quality assessment of observational studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale
Wychowansky et al. 2020 [11] | Yuce et al. 2019 [12] | Nord et al. 2019 [23] | Giesenhagen et al. 2019 [20] | Chandra et al. 2019 [10] | Sindel et al. 2018 [27] | Giraddi et al. 2017 [21] | Rizzo et al. 2017 [26] | Flanagan et al. 2016 [17] | Omara et al. 2016 [24] | Fukuda et al. 2005 [18] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selection | |||||||||||
• Representativeness of the exposed cohort | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * |
• Selection of the non-exposed cohort | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * |
• Ascertainment of exposure | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * |
• Demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * |
Comparability | |||||||||||
• Study controls for bone ring group | * | * | |||||||||
• Study control for any additional factor (duration of exposure) | * | * | |||||||||
Outcome | |||||||||||
• Assessment of outcome | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * |
• Was follow-up long enough for outcomes to occur? | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |||
• Adequacy of follow up of cohorts | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |||
Newcastle-Ottawa scale | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 7 |