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Table 5 Dental implant-related probable risk indicators for the occurrence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis

From: Analysis of risk indicators for prevalence of peri-implant diseases in Turkish population

Variable

 

Peri-implant mucositis

Peri-implantitis

Univariate regression

Multivariate regression

Univariate regression

Multivariate regression

OR

95% CI

p

OR

95% CI

p

OR

95% CI

p

OR

95% CI

p

Gender

Female

0.606

(0.468–0.785)

0.000*

   

0.527

(0.386–0.720)

0.000*

   

Smoking

Yes

1.960

(1.458–2.634)

0.000*

   

3.413

(2.430–4.793)

0.000*

   

Frequency of maintenance

< 2/year

2.076

(1.605–2.684)

0.000*

   

2.020

(1.478–2.760)

0.000*

   

Systemic disease

Yes

2.301

(1.663–3.185)

0.000*

2.196

(1.090–4.427)

0.028*

3.058

(2.116–4.419)

0.000*

3.789

(1.667–8.614)

0.001*

Diabetes

Yes

3.741

(1.770–7.907)

0.001*

   

4.460

(2.007–9.911)

0.000*

   

Periodontal Diagnosis

Periodontitis

3.666

(2.792–4.814)

0.000*

6.931

(3.303–14.544)

0.000*

4.336

(3.038–6.190)

0.000*

18.613

(7.304–47.427)

0.000*

Jaw

Upper

0.586

(0.454–0.758)

0.000*

   

0.433

(0.316–0.592)

0.000*

   

Position

Upper anterior

1.205

(0.816–1.779)

0.348*

   

0.747

(0.447–1.250)

0.267

   
 

Upper posterior

0.512

(0.394–0.664)

0.000*

   

0.474

(0.343–0.655)

0.000*

   
 

Lower anterior

2.945

(1.885–4.601)

0.000*

   

2.775

(1.680–4.583)

0.000*

   
 

Lower posterior

1.106

(0.849–1.440)

0.454

   

1.487

(1.086–2.037)

0.013*

   

KT < 2 mm

Yes

8.819

(5.841–13.316)

0.000*

5.389

(2.637–11.010)

0.000*

17.439

(11.133–27.315)

0.000*

8.013

(3.494–18.380)

0.000*

PPD

 

4.806

(3.882–5.951)

0.000*

1.570

(1.105–2.230)

0.012*

24.837

(18.477–33.385)

0.000*

8.338

(5.540–12.548)

0.000*

PI

 

30.209

(20.120–45.357)

0.000*

6.726

(3.829–11.812)

0.000*

51.175

(32.298–81.083)

0.000*

5.205

(2.570–10.541)

0.000*

GI

≥ 2

13.870

(10.685–18.004)

0.000*

   

40.955

(15.184–110.467)

0.000*

   

BoP

 

4.665

(3.860–5.637)

0.000*

3.645

(2.817–4.716)

0.000*

6.046

(4.911–7.444)

0.000*

4.353

(3.239–5.851)

0.000*

Bone augmentation

Yes vs. No

0.979

(0.691–1.388)

0.905

   

0.850

(0.550–1.313)

0.464

   

Type of prosthesis

Removable vs. fixed

3.744

(2.369–5.917)

0.000*

   

3.103

(1.857–5.186)

0.000*

   

Years from loading

 

0.992

(0.985–0.999)

0.023*

   

0.995

(0.987–1.003)

0.240

   

Brand

I

0.921

(0.694–1.221)

0.565

   

1.281

(0.920–1.784)

0.143

   
 

II

1.064

(0.749–1.512)

0.727

   

0.189

(0.094–0.378)

0.000*

   
 

III

1.019

(0.784–1.323)

0.890

   

0.761

(0.550–1.052)

0.098

   
 

IV

1.077

(0.709–1.636)

0.729

   

2.757

(1.780–4.272)

0.000*

   
 

V

0.965

(0.617–1.511)

0.877

   

0.912

(0.526–1.582)

0.744

   
  1. KT keratinized tissue, PPD probing pocket depth, PI plaque index, GI gingival index, BoP bleeding on probing, OR odds ratio
  2. *Indicates statistically significant