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International Journal of Implant Dentistry

Table 1 Plaque-covered areas before and after brushing and plaque removal rates

From: Efficacy of electric-powered cleaning instruments in edentulous patients with implant-supported full-arch fixed prostheses: a crossover design

Instrument	Plaque-covered area			Plaque removal rate
Instrument	Before (%)	After (%)	p value	Plaque removal rate (%)	Adjusted p vs. brush
All subjects (n = 9)
Brush	38.9 ± 7.2	23.1 ± 5.8	0.107	53.3 ± 8.5
AF	30.7 ± 7.1	10.7 ± 3.6	0.027*	70.9 ± 6.5	0.656
OralB	36.0 ± 6.5	9.8 ± 2.4	0.004**	75.4 ± 6.3	0.139
SD	35.4 ± 5.5	9.6 ± 2.2	0.001**	74.4 ± 4.2	0.352
Total (n = 36)	35.2 ± 3.2	13.3 ± 2.1	< 0.0001**
Poor brushing group (n = 5)
Brush	46.3 ± 10.7	29.6 ± 8.9	0.266	35.3 ± 8.5
AF	32.6 ± 10.4	12.2 ± 5.9	0.137	69.4 ± 9.4	0.144
OralB	33.4 ± 9.3	8.3 ± 6.3	0.053	80.7 ± 6.3	0.008*
SD	30.6 ± 7.2	8.2 ± 2.7	0.032*	75.7 ± 5.5	0.049*
Good brushing group (n = 4)
Brush	29.6 ± 8.2	14.9 ± 5.3	0.193	75.9 ± 2.8
AF	28.3 ± 10.8	8.9 ± 4.4	0.170	72.7 ± 10.0	> 0.999
OralB	39.2 ± 10.2	11.7 ± 4.1	0.068	68.8 ± 12.1	> 0.999
SD	41.4 ± 8.7	11.5 ± 3.8	0.034*	72.7 ± 7.2	> 0.999
Buccal (n = 9)
Brush	37.3 ± 7.1	22.1 ± 5.1	0.104	52.8 ± 7.9
AF	27.9 ± 6.3	9.4 ± 3.2	0.023*	70.1 ± 7.3	0.210
OralB	31.1 ± 6.0	7.3 ± 2.4	0.004**	77.7 ± 6.5	0.023*
SD	32.9 ± 6.3	6.9 ± 1.7	0.003**	79.5 ± 3.7	0.042*
Total (n = 36)	32.3 ± 3.1	11.4 ± 1.9	< 0.0001**
Palatal (n = 9)
Brush	42.1 ± 7.7	26.0 ± 7.6	0.143	53.1 ± 10.4
AF	38.2 ± 9.4	13.8 ± 5.0	0.035*	68.2 ± 7.4	0.879
OralB	44.4 ± 7.8	15.9 ± 4.1	0.007*	71.7 ± 6.0	0.517
SD	43.8 ± 7.8	17.4 ± 4.5	0.002**	66.1 ± 5.7	> 0.999
Total (n = 36)	42.3 ± 4.0	18.2 ± 2.7	< 0.0001**

Unpaired t tests with Welch’s correction were performed to compare the two groups. Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance, followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test, was used to determine statistically significant differences. Significant differences are shown as italic numbers. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.005

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