|
Al-Sibaie and Hajeer [1]
|
56 (28 implant, 28 non implant)
|
RCT
|
TPA
|
Self-drilling titanium mini implants (1.6 mm diameter and 7 mm length; Tuttlingen, Germany)
|
2
|
Between the maxillary second premolar and first molar
|
Direct
|
|
Basha et al. [4]
|
14 (7 implant, 7 non implant)
|
RCT
|
TPA
|
Surgical steel mini implants (1.3 mm diameter, 8 mm length; SK Surgical, Pune, India.)
|
2
|
Placed between the roots of second premolar and first molar in the maxilla
|
Direct
|
|
Benson et al. [5]
|
51 (23 implant; 24 non implant)
|
RCT
|
Headgear
|
Ortho implant, (6 mm length, Straumann, Waldenburg, Switzerland)
|
1
|
Midpalatal
|
Indirect
|
|
Chopra et al. [9]
|
50 (25 implant; 25 non implant)
|
RCT
|
Nance button; lingual arch
|
Self-drilling titanium ortho implants
|
4
|
Buccal alveolar bone between the second premolars and first molars in all the four quadrants
|
Indirect
|
|
Davoody et al. [11]
|
46 (23 implant, 23 non-implant group)
|
RCT
|
Intrusion arch and mushroom loops
|
1.8–2 mm in width, 8–9 mm in length
|
4
|
Placed between maxillary second premolars and first molars in all four quadrants
|
Direct
|
|
Liu et al. [28]
|
34
|
RCT
|
TPA
|
Self-tapping titanium mini-screw implants (8 mm length, 1.2 mm diameter, Cibei, Ningbo, China)
|
2
|
Between the roots of the first molar and the second premolar
|
Direct
|
|
Upadhyay et al. [49]
|
30 (15 implant, 15 non-implant)
|
RCT
|
Treatment in control group not specified: Nance holding arch, extraoral traction, banding of the second molars, and differential moments
|
Custom made at our institute by modifying conventional surgical screws, measuring 1.3 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length
|
2
|
Placed between the maxillary second premolar and first molar, preferably between the attached and movable mucosae
|
Direct
|
|
Upadhyay et al. [48]
|
23
|
Other (cohort study)
|
No control group
|
Titanium mini implants (1.3 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length)
|
2
|
Placed between the roots of the first molar and the second premolar in both upper quadrants
|
Direct
|
|
Upadhyay et al. [50]
|
40 (20 implant, 20 non implant)
|
RCT
|
Conventional methods such as headgears, transpalatal arches, banding of second molars, application of differential moments
|
Titanium mini implants (1.3 mm diameter, 8 mm length)
|
4
|
Between the roots of the first molar and second premolar in all four quadrants
|
Direct
|
|
Victor et al. [52]
|
20 (10 implant, 10 non-implant)
|
RCT
|
NiTi closed coil spring
|
Absoanchor—SH 1312-08; (1.3 mm diameter, 8 mm length)
|
4
|
Placed between the roots of second premolar and first molar in the upper arch, the screw insertion was angulated at 40° and 8 mm gingival to the archwire
|
Direct
|
|
Wehrbein et al. [54]
|
9
|
Other (cohort study)
|
No control group
|
Orthosystem (diameter 3.3 mm, lengths are 4 and 6 mm)
|
1
|
Midpalatal
|
Indirect
|
|
Wilmes et al. [57]
|
20 (10 in implant group of which 5 patients had additional transversal reinforcement and 5 did not, 10 in non-implant group)
|
CCT
|
TPA
|
2.0 × 10 mm, Dual Top™, Jeil Medical Corporation, Seoul, South Korea, or 2.0 × 11 mm, BENEFIT, Mondeal Medical Systems, Mühlheim a.d. Donau, Germany
|
1
|
Placed in the anterior palate
|
Indirect
|
