Table 2 Summary of implant survival and implant success in autogenous bone grafts

Watzinger et al. [29]

1996

Vascularised iliac bone graft and non-vascularised iliac and rib bone graft

Yes—all patients had chemotherapy and RDX

Marginal bone loss, periodontal pocketing, gingival index and sulcus bleeding index showed wide variation

Not reported

N/A

52 (14)

73.1%*

Not reported

N/A

52 (22)

57.7%*

Non-functioning implants (not prosthetically loaded)

Teoh et al. [26]

2005

Vascularised fibula free flap

Yes—5 patients had chemotherapy, 1 patients had chemo/RDX (pre-implant placement), 6 patients had pre-op RDX and 1 patient had post-op RDX.

13 patients had soft tissue hyperplasia that need debulking or skin grafting

22 (2)

90.9%*

71 (3)

95.8%*

Not reported

N/A

Not reported

N/A

N/A

Wu et al. [30]

2008

Fibula free flap

Yes—3 patients had RDX (unsure if pre or post-op)

Soft tissue hyperplasia needed surgical removal in 6 patients (17 implants).

29 (not reported)

N/A

100 (9)

91.0%

29 (not reported)

N/A

100 (14)

86.0%

Unfavourable local soft tissue and implant left as sleepers. Peri-implant bone loss greater than 2 mm

Fenlon et al. [19]

2012

Vascularised free flap—DCIA, radial, fibula and rib

Yes—35 implants had RDX

High rate of poor implant positioning in primary implant placement.

41 (10)

75.6%*

145 (18)

87.5%*

Not reported

N/A

145 (34)

76.6%*

Implants osseointegrated but prosthetically unusable

Ch’ng et al. [20]

2014

Vascularised fibula free flap

Yes −66/243 patients had RDX (43 patients pre-op RDX, 23 patients post-op RDX)

ORN 7.7% of all implants (19 patients, 4 cases in vascularised fibula free flap and 15 in native bone) smoking was shown to be a significant risk factors. Also modification of peri-implant soft tissue required such as debulking of soft tissue and vestibuloplasty as required.

54 (10)

81.5%*

243 (20)

91.8%

Not reported

N/A

Not reported

N/A

N/A

Shaw et al. [31]

2005

Vascularised composite DCIA, fibula and radius and non-vascularised bone grafts

Yes—47% of patients had RDX

Soft tissue overgrowth in 3 patients (5 implants). Also, surgical debulk of soft tissue reported in number of cases.

33 (12)

63.6%*

123 (32)

69.0%

Not reported

N/A

Not reported

N/A

N/A

Wang et al. [21]

2015

Vascularised fibula free flap (double barrel or vertical distraction osteogenesis techniques)

NO

Implant hygiene and bleeding increased over time. 6 patients (11 implants) required soft tissue reduction however recurrence of soft tissue overgrowth occurred.

19 (0)

100%

51 (0)

100%*

Not reported

N/A

51 (7)

86.3%*

Peri-implant bone loss greater than criteria (radiographic assessment)

Yerit et al. [16]

2006

Vascularised and non-vascularised iliac bone graft

No—No RDX to bone graft sites

None noted only documenting causes of implant loss

Not reported

N/A

78 (13)

54.0%

Not reported

N/A

Not reported

N/A

N/A

Linsen et al. [17]

2009

Avascularised iliac bone graft

Yes—39 implants had RDX, 44 implants did not have RDX

Peri-implantitis in 12 patients (31 implants).

Not reported

N/A

79 (8)

89.9%*

Not reported

N/A

Not reported

N/A

N/A

Fierz et al. [25]

2013

Vascularised free flap—fibula, radius, scapula

Yes—20 out of 46 implants had RDX

Frail patients limited treatment, and prosthetic rehabilitation was challenging

Not reported

N/A

46 (8)

82.6%*

Not reported

N/A

Not reported

N/A

N/A

Barrowman et al. [7]

2011

Vascularised free flap—illiac, DCIA and fibula and non-vascularised bone graft.

Yes—15 implants in to irradiated vascularised free flap

Inability of patients to tolerate prosthesis. Peri-implantitis and lack of integration of some implants.

Not reported

N/A

38 (5)

86.8%*

Not reported

N/A

Not reported

N/A

N/A

Zou et al. [22]

2013

Vascularised iliac bone graft

No

Increase in plaque index over time. Prosthodontic complications overtime after prosthesis fitted also tumour recurrence

32 (not reported)

N/A

110 (4)

96.4%

Not reported

N/A

110 (9)

91.8%

Severe gingival hyperplasia and bone resorption in peri-implant area

Schultes et al. [15]

2002

Vascularised scapula and iliac bone graft

Yes—all patients had RDX 60 Gys.

Increased pocket depth around implants placed into non-native bone in comparison to native bone. 7 implants with pocketing greater than 5 mm were all in vascularised free flaps

38 (2)

94.7%*

96 (2)

97.9%*

Not reported

N/A

96 (4)

95.8%*

Implants inadequately positioned and could not be used for further prosthetic treatment

Buddula et al. [24]

2010

Bone graft—fibula, iliac and scapula (unsure of vascularised or non-vascularised)

Yes—all patients had RDX

None noted only documenting implant survival

Not reported

N/A

59 (8)

83.3%

Not reported

N/A

Not reported

N/A

N/A

Klein et al. [32]

2009

Avascular iliac bone graft

Yes—some patients had RDX

None noted only documenting implant survival

Not reported

N/A

128 (22)

78.4%

Not reported

N/A

Not reported

N/A

N/A

Burgess et al. [27]

2017

Vascularized bone grafts—fibula, DCIA, scapula and radial

Yes—some patients had RDX

None noted only documenting implant survival

59 (not reported)

N/A

199 (11)

93.6%

Not reported

N/A

Not reported

N/A

N/A

Chiapasco et al. [18]

2006

Vascularised fibula free flap

Yes—some patients had RDX and chemo—unknown number

Soft tissue overgrowth in 2 patients that required removal and palatal mucosal graft placed

14 (1)

92.9%*

62 (1)

98.3%*

14 (2)

85.7%*

62 (5)

91.9%*

Peri-implant bone loss greater than criteria (radiographic assessment)

Chiapasco et al. [23]

2008

Non-vascularised—Calvarium or iliac bone graft

Unknown

Soft tissue grafting required around implants in 3 patients

16 (1)

93.8%*

60 (2)

96.7%

16 (2)

87.5%*

60 (4)

93.3%

Peri-implant bone loss greater than criteria (radiographic assessment)

Chiapasco et al. [33]

2000

Non-vascularised—ilieum and fibula, and vascularised free flap—ilieum and fibula

Yes—3 patients had RDX (unknown if pre or post)

Soft tissue grafting required around implants in 3 patients

18 (2)

88.9%*

72 (3)

95.8%*

18 (2)

88.9%*

72 (3)

95.8%*

N/A

Hessling et al. [28]

2015

Free iliac crest, microvascular iliac, microvascular fibula, microvascular scapula, calavarial bone graft

Yes—some patients had RDX and chemo (pre- and post-op) unknown number

67% peri-implantitis due to a lack of attached gingivae

Not reported

N/A

93 (8)

91.4%*

Not reported

N/A

Not reported

N/A

N/A