Table 1 Patient characteristics at the time of augmentation

Gender^a

 Male

250 (89.6%)

 Female

29 (10.4%)

Age^a

  <40 years

162 (58.0%)

  >40 years

117 (42.0%)

Smoking habits^a

 Smokers

93 (33.3%)

 Non-smokers

186 (66.6%)

API score^a

  <20%

174 (62.3%)

  ≥20%

105 (37.6%)

SBI score^a

  <20%

213 (76.3%)

  ≥20%

66 (23.6%)

Cause of tooth loss^a

 Caries/periodontitis

251 (89.9%)

 Trauma

20 (7.1%)

 Hypodonty

8 (3.0%)

Augmentation site in the upper or lower jaw^a

 Only maxilla

190 (68.1%)

 Only mandible

69 (33.9%)

Both maxilla and mandible

20 (7.1%)

Dental situation^b

 Tooth gap

99 (21.7%)

 Single-tooth gap

163 (35.7%

 Free-end dental arch

154 (33.7%)

 Edentulous

40 (8.9%

Surgeon^c

 Residents

223 (35.2%)

 Senior consultants

410 (64.8%)