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Patients aged 25–65 years
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Presence of periodontal disease or periapical lesions
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Ability to participate in this study
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History of bone augmentation at the implant site in the past 6 months
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No systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes, osteoporosis, hypertension, etc.)
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History of tooth extraction at the implant site in the past 6 months
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Nonsmokers
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A need for submersion of an implant
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No contraindication for minor oral surgery
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Requirement for grafting of bone or soft tissue at the time of implant insertion
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No psychosis or psychiatric disorders
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Pregnancy or positive to pregnancy test
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No uncontrolled bleeding disorders
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Postmenopausal women
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No bisphosphonate, hormone replacement, or corticosteroid drug use
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Physical disorders which would interfere with the ability to maintain oral health care
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No anti-inflammatory drug use for 6 months before surgery
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Never received radiotherapy of the head and neck region
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Adequate oral hygiene (average modified sulcus bleeding index ≤1, average modified plaque index ≤1)
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Adequate bone volume to achieve the plan without other surgery (bone height ≥12 mm, bone width ≥7 mm)
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Existing healthy contralateral posterior mandibular tooth
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