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Table 2 Risk of bias of the included studies

From: Dental implants and diabetes mellitus—a systematic review

Author

Year

Study type

Selection bias (homogeneity and confounders)

Performance bias (fidelity to protocol)

Attrition bias (loss of participants)

Detection bias (reliable measures)

Reporting bias (selective reporting or conflict interests)

Summary assessment risk of bias

Alsaadi

2007

Retrospective

H

U

U

L

L

L

Aguilar-Salvatierra

2015

Prospective

H

L

L

L

L

L

Anner

2010

Retrospective

H

U

U

L

L

M

Busenlechner

2014

Retrospective

H

L

U

L

L

L

Daubert

2015

Cross-sectional

H

L

U

L

L

L

Dowell

2007

Prospective

H

L

L

L

M

M

Erdogan

2014

Prospective

H

L

L

L

M

M

Ferreira

2006

Cross-sectional

H

L

L

L

L

L

Fiorellini

2000

Retrospective

H

M

U

M

L

M

Ghiraldini

2015

Prospective

H

L

L

L

L

L

Gomez-Moreno

2014

Prospective

H

L

L

L

L

L

Khandelwal

2011

Prospective

L

L

L

M

L

L

Morris

2005

Prospective

H

L

L

M

L

M

Moy

2005

Retrospective

H

L

U

M

L

M

Oates

2009

Prospective

H

L

L

L

L

L

Oates

2014

Prospective

H

L

M

L

L

L

Olson

2000

Prospective, multicenter

H

L

U

L

L

L

Peled

2003

Retrospective

H

L

U

M

L

M

Tawil

2008

Prospective

H

L

L

M

L

M

Tatarakis

2013

Prospective

H

L

L

L

L

L

Turkyilmaz

2010

Retrospective

H

L

U

L

L

L

Zupnik

2011

Retrospective

H

L

U

M

L

M

  1. L low, M medium, H high, U unknown risk of bias