Table 8 Included studies—nonsurgical treatment of peri-implantitis: adjunctive antibiotic therapy

Büchter et al. [26]

RCT, parallel

28 patients

PD >5 mm

18 weeks

OHI + mechanical debridement (plastic curettes) + 0.2 % CHX pocket irrigation + 8 % doxycycline hyclate

OHI + mechanical debridement (plastic curettes) + 0.2 % CHX pocket irrigation

Test

48 implants medium-rough surfaces

Bone loss >50 %

BOP: 0.54 (0.07) (BL) to 0.27 (0.06) % (18 weeks, subject level)

PD: 5.64 (0.32) (BL) to 4.49 (0.29) mm (18 weeks, subject level)

Control

BOP: 0.63 (0.06) (BL) to 0.50 (0.07) % (18 weeks, subject level)

PD: 5.68 (0.28) (BL) to 5.4 (0.34) mm (18 weeks, subject level)

BOP and PD reductions sign. higher in the test group

Renvert et al. [32]

RCT, parallel

32 patients

PD ≥4 mm, BOP + with suppuration

12 months

OHI + mechanical debridement (scalers + rubber cup + polishing) + 1 mg minoycycline microspheres

OHI + mechanical debridement (scalers + rubber cup + polishing) + 1.0 % chlorhexidine gel

Test

1–5 (test)/1–6 (control) implants per patient machined surfaces

Bone loss ≤3 threads

BOP: 88 (12) (BL) to 71 (22) % (12 months, subject level)

Presence of anaerobic bacteria

PD: 3.9 (0.7) (BL) to 3.6 (0.6) mm (12 months, subject level)

Control

BOP: 86 (14) (BL) to 78 (13) % (12 months, subject level)

PD: 3.9 (0.3) (BL) to 3.9 (0.4) mm (12 months, subject level)

PD reductions at 12 months sign. higher in the test group

Comparable microbiological improvements in both groups

Renvert et al. [29]

RCT, parallel

32 patients

PD ≥4 mm, BOP + with suppuration

12 months

OHI + mechanical debridement + 1 mg minoycycline microspheres

OHI + mechanical debridement + 0.5 ml of 1.0 % CHXgel

Test

95 implants machined surfaces

Bone loss ≤3 threads

Treatment was repeated at days 30 and 90

Treatment was repeated at days 30 and 90

BOP: 86.5 (20.1) (BL) to 48.1 (20.7) % (12 months, implant level)

Presence of anaerobic bacteria

PD: 3.85 (1.04) (BL) to 3.55 (0.98) mm (12 months, implant level)

Radiographic bone levels: 0.77 (0.85) (BL) to 0.7 (0.85) mm (12 months, implant level)

Control

BOP: 89.2 (17.2) (BL) to 63.5 (19.2) % (12 months, implant level)

PD: 3.87 (1.16) (BL) to 3.72 (1.02) mm (12 months, implant level)

Radiographic bone levels: 0.41 (0.7) (BL) to 0.46 (0.76) mm (12 months, implant level)

BOP reductions at 12 months sign. higher in the test group

Comparable microbiological improvements in both groups

Schär et al.; Bassetti et al. [34, 37]

RCT, parallel

40 patients

PD = 4–6 mm, BOP + bone loss = 0.5–2 mm

12 months

OHI + mechanical debridement (titanium curettes + glycin powder air polishing, pocket irrigation using 3 % hydrogen peroxide) + aPDT (660 nm, phenothiazine chloride dye)

OHI + mechanical debridement (titanium curettes + glycin powder air polishing, pocket irrigation using 3 % hydrogen peroxide) + minocycline microspheres

Test

40 implants medium-rough surfaces

BOP change: 57 % (12 months, subject level)

PD changes: 0.56 mm (12 months, subject level)

Complete resolution of mucosal inflammation: 31.6 %

Control

BOP change: 65 % (12 months, subject level)

PD changes: 0.11 mm (12 months, subject level)

Complete resolution of mucosal inflammation: 35.0 %

No significant differences in clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters between groups