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Table 4 Included studies—nonsurgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis: adjunctive antiseptic therapy

From: Efficacy of alternative or adjunctive measures to conventional treatment of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Publication

Design

Population

Case definition

Period

Test

Control

Mean (SD) outcome

Strooker et al. [22]

RCT Split-mouth design

16 patients each with 4 mandibular implants and bar retained over denture

Not reported

5 months

Supra-/subgingival scaling (carbon curettes) + polishing (rubber cup) + phosphoric acid gel (35 %) in sulcus for 1 min

Supra-/subgingival scaling (carbon curettes) + polishing (rubber cup) Once every month

Test (subject level)

     

Once every month

 

BOP: 30.5 (27.5) (BL) to 9.7 (10.97) % (5 months)

       

GI: 0.92 (0.75) (BL) to 0.34 (0.38) (5 months)

       

PD: 2.97 (0.68) (BL) to 2.34 (0.54) mm (5 months)

       

Control (subject level)

       

BOP: 29.2 (29.44) (BL) to 14.3 (22.47) % (5 months)

       

GI: 0.82 (0.8) (BL) to 0.57 (0.6) (5 months)

       

PD: 2.83 (0.57) (BL) to 2.48 (0.49) mm (5 months)

       

Sign. between group difference in mean GI values and colony-forming units at 5 months

Porras et al. [20]

RCT, parallel

16 patients

Supra- and subgingival plaque

3 months

OHI + mechanical cleansing (plastic scaler, rubber cups, polishing paste) + local irrigation CHX (0.12 %) and topical CHX gel application + 0.12 % CHX mouthrinse twice for 10 days

OHI + mechanical cleansing (plastic scaler, rubber cups, polishing paste)

mBI and BOP (%) scores: no sign. differences between groups at 1 and 3 months

  

28 implants

PD ≤5 mm BOP + “incipient” radiographic lesion

   

PD values:

  

3 implant types (plasma-sprayed Ti/cp Ti (HA-coated Ti)

    

Test: 3.27 (0.81) (BL) to 2.71 (0.70) mm (3 months)

       

Control: 3.48 (0.61) (BL) to 2.55 (0.72) mm (3 months)

       

Changes in mean PD between test and control groups at 3 months were statistically significant (0.56 vs. 0.93 mm)

       

Microbiological improvements in both groups

Thone-Mühling et al. [17]

RCT, parallel

11 patients

BOP + and/or GI ≥1 absence of radiographic bone loss during the last 2 years

8 months

OHI + mechanical cleansing (plastic scaler and polyetheretherketone-coated ultrasonic instruments) + topical CHX gel application once + full mouth disinfection (deep scaling in one session + CHX disinfection of tongue and tonsils) + 0.2 % CHX mouthrinse 2×/day and tonsil spraying 1×/day for 14 days

OHI + mechanical cleansing (plastic scaler and polyetheretherketone-coated ultrasonic instruments) + full mouth scaling in one session

Test

  

36 implants

    

BOP: 0.22 (0.11) (BL) to 0.16 (0.09) % (8 months)

  

2 implant types

    

GI: 0.6 (0.24) (BL) to 0.44 (0.23) (8 months)

       

PD: 3.4 (0.68) (BL) to 2.82 (0.59) mm (8 months)

       

Control

       

BOP: 0.17 (0.19) (BL) to 0.17 (0.11) % (8 months)

       

GI: 0.62 (0.36) (BL) to 0.43 (0.37) (8 months)

       

PD: 3.49 (0.78) (BL) to 2.84 (0.64) mm (8 months)

       

Bacterial recolonization over time

  1. BL baseline, BOP bleeding on probing, GI modified gingival index, mBI modified bleeding index, OHI oral hygiene instructions, PD probing pocket depth, RCT randomized controlled clinical study