Table 3 Included studies—nonsurgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis: alternative or adjunctive measures for biofilm removal

Ji et al. [15]

RCT, parallel

24 patients

PD ≥4 mm, BOP + no radiographic bone loss compared with baseline (i.e. immediately after prosthesis installation)

3 months

OHI + mechanical debridement (ultrasonic scaler with carbon fibre tips) + air abrasive device, glycine powder (sites with PD ≥4 mm)

OHI + mechanical debridement (ultrasonic scaler with carbon fibre tips)

Test

33 implants

BI: 1.4 (0.57) (BL) to 1.1 (0.58) (3 months, subject level)

Molar/premolar sites

BI: 1.7 (0.93) (BL) to 1.1 (0.98) (3 months, implant level)

1 implant system

Sites without bleeding: 29.3 %

PD: 3.6 (0.47) (BL) to 3.2 (0.48) mm (3 months, subject level)

Control

BI: 1.5 (0.65) (BL) to 1.0 (0.85) (3 months, subject level)

BI: 1.7 (1.0) (BL) to 0.9 (1.1) (3 months, implant level)

Sites without bleeding: 42 %

PD: 3.5 (0.5) (BL) to 3.1 (0.38) mm (3 months, subject level)

De Siena et al. [18]

CCT, parallel

30 patients

BOP or spontaneous bleeding with local swelling

6 months

OHI + mechanical debridement Teflon curettes, polishing) + air abrasive device, glycine powder

OHI + mechanical debridement Teflon curettes, polishing)

Test

No information on number and types of implants

PD ≤3.5 mm

PD: 3.0 (0.4) (BL) to 2.4 (0.5) mm (6 months, subject level)

Bone loss ≤ 3.0 mm

13 patients did not present bleeding at 6 months

Control

PD: 2.9 (0.4) (BL) to 3.0 (0.6) mm (6 months, subject level)

9 patients did not present bleeding at 6 months

BI and PD scores sign. lower in the test group at 6 months

Riben Grundström et al. [21]

RCT, parallel

37 patients

PD ≥4 mm, BOP + with or without suppuration

12 months

OHI + air abrasive device, glycine powder

OHI + mechanical debridement (ultrasonic scaler with plastic coated tips)

Test

One implant per subject used

Bone loss ≤2 mm from implant shoulder

Repeated treatment at 3 and 6 months

Repeated treatment at 3 and 6 months

BOP: 43.9 (7.3) (BL) to 12.1 (3.8) % (12 months, subject level)

Test N = 19

Number of diseased sites (pocket depth ≥4 mm with bleeding/suppuration)

Control N = 18

38 % (BL) to 8 % (12 months, subject level)

Control

BOP: 53.7 (7.9) (BL) to 18.6 (6.4) % (12 months, subject level)

Number of diseased sites (pocket depth ≥4 mm with bleeding/suppuration)

52 % (BL) to 17 % (12 months, subject level)

No significant differences between groups for either reduction of

BOP or of diseased sites