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International Journal of Implant Dentistry
Fig. 3 | International Journal of Implant Dentistry

Fig. 3

From: Effects of the application of low-temperature atmospheric plasma on titanium implants on wound healing in peri-implant connective tissue in rats

Fig. 3

Evaluation of hydrophilization to the Ti disk. a Photographs, b SEM images (bars: 100 μm). c Contact angle. d Surface roughness (Ra: two-dimensional arithmetic mean surface roughness, Sa: three-dimensional arithmetic mean surface roughness). e Temperature change of the Ti disk surfaces after treatment. Values are expressed as means ± SD. **p < 0.01

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