Table 9 Included studies—surgical treatment of peri-implantitis: alternative measures for surface decontamination

Deppe et al. [40]

CCT, parallel

32 patients

PD ≥5 mm, BOP + progressive vertical bone loss

5 years

OHI + open flap^a surgery + air polishing + carbon dioxide laser (cw mode, 2.5 W, 12 × 5 s) decontamination + soft tissue resection

OHI + open flap^b surgery + air polishing + soft tissue resection

Test

73 implants machined, rough- and medium-rough surfaces

SBI: 0.6 (0.3) (BL) to 1.8 (1.1) (48 months, implant level)

PD: 6.1 (1.6) (BL) to 3.4 (1.5) mm (48 months, implant level)

Control

SBI: 0.7 (0.8) (BL) to 1.1 (1.2) (48 months, implant level)

PD: 5.1 (1.3) (BL) to 4.3 (1.2) mm (48 months, implant level)

Comparable outcomes in both groups

De Waal et al. [38]

RCT, parallel

30 patients

PD ≥5 mm, BOP + and/or suppuration

12 months

OHI/mechanical debridement + resective therapy (apical re-positioned flap + bone re-contouring) + surface debridement using surgical gauzes soaked in saline + decontamination using 0.12 % CHX + 0.05 % cetylpyridinium chloride CPC

OHI/mechanical debridement + resective therapy (apical re-positioned flap + bone re-contouring) + surface debridement using surgical gauzes soaked in saline + decontamination using placebo solution

Test

79 implants machined, rough- and medium-rough surfaces

Bone loss ≥2 mm

BOP: 80.4 (26.5) (BL) to 60.5 (30.1) % (12 months, implant level)

PD: 6.6 (1.6) (BL) to 4.3 (2.1) mm (12 months, implant level)

MBL: 4.3 (2.1) (BL) to 5.0 (2.5) mm (12 months, implant level)

Control

BOP: 79.7 (28.1) (BL) to 57.2 (29.0) % (12 months, implant level)

PD: 5.5 (1.4) (BL) to 3.7 (0.8) mm (12 months, implant level)

MBL: 3.6 (1.9) (BL) to 3.9 (2.0) mm (12 months, implant level)

No sign. differences in BOP and PD reductions between groups

De Waal et al. [39]

RCT, parallel

44 patients

PD ≥5 mm, BOP + and/or suppuration

12 months

OHI/mechanical debridement + resective therapy (apical re-positioned flap + bone re-contouring) + surface debridement using surgical gauzes soaked in saline + decontamination using 0.12 % CHX + 0.05 % cetylpyridinium chloride

OHI/mechanical debridement + resective therapy (apical re-positioned flap + bone re-contouring) + surface debridement using surgical gauzes soaked in saline + decontamination using 2.0 % CHX

Test

108 implants machined, rough- and medium-rough surfaces

Bone loss ≥2 mm

BOP: 82.1 (23.9) (BL) to 42.7 (34.2) % (12 months, implant level)

PD: 4.7 (1.0) (BL) to 3.0 (0.7) mm (12 months, implant level)

MBL: 4.0 (1.5) (BL) to 4.3 (1.7) mm (12 months, implant level)

Control

BOP: 74.2 (27.8) (BL) to 37.0 (35.5) % (12 months, implant level)

PD: 5.0 (1.2) (BL) to 2.9 (0.7) mm (12 months, implant level)

MBL: 4.1 (1.6) (BL) to 4.1 (1.7) mm (12 months, implant level)

No sign. differences in BOP and PD reductions between groups

Papadopoulos et al. [41]

RCT, parallel

16 patients

PD ≥6 mm, BOP + and/or suppuration

6 months

Mechanical debridement + open flap surgery + mechanical debridement (plastic curettes) and cotton swabs soaked in saline

Mechanical debridement + open flap surgery + mechanical debridement (plastic curettes) and cotton swabs soaked in saline + 980 nm diode laser application

Test

16 implants

Radiographic bone loss ≥2 mm

BOP: 81.2 (BL) to 23.8 % (6 months, implant level)

PD: 5.92 (BL) to 4.44 mm (6 months, implant level)

Control

BOP: 81.2 (BL) to 23.8 % (6 months, implant level)

PD: 5.52 (BL) to 4.31 mm (6 months, implant level)

Sign. BOP and PD reductions in both groups at 6 months